Languages: Tongan-176

Basic Data

ID	Tongan-176
Name	Tongan
Latitude	-21.17
Longitude	-175.25
Glottolog	tong1325
Family	Austronesian
Dataset	idssegmented
Concepts	1133
Forms	1791

Colexification Network

Colexification Table (565 instances found, see Colexification Table)

Source	Target	Colexifier	Colexified
LAND	MAINLAND	f o n u a	f o n u a l a h i
WOOD	FIREWOOD	p a p a	p a p a t a f u a f i
MALE PERSON	MALE (OF ANIMAL)	t a ŋ a t a	m a n u t a ŋ a t a
MALE PERSON	MALE (OF ANIMAL)	t a ŋ a t a	f a k a e t a ŋ a t a
MALE PERSON	MALE (OF PERSON)	t a ŋ a t a	k a k a i t a ŋ a t a
MALE PERSON	MARRIED MAN	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a m a l i
WOMAN	MARRIED WOMAN	f e f i n e	f e f i n e m a l i
HUSBAND	MARRIED MAN	m a l i	t a ŋ a t a m a l i
WIFE	MARRIED WOMAN	m a l i	f e f i n e m a l i
MOTHER	MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN)	f a ʔ e	f a ʔ e ʔ a h o t o m a l i
BLOOD	VEIN	t o t o	k a l a v a t u f a t o t o
BLOOD	VEIN	t o t o	k a l a v a f e t u k u t o t o
BLOOD	VEIN	t o t o	t o t o k i h e m a f u
NOSE	NOSTRIL	i h u	a v a ʔ i i h u
TOOTH	GUMS	n i f o	t e ʔ e n i f o
HAND	GLOVE	n i m a	k o f u n i m a
FOOT	FOOTPRINT	v a ʔ e	t o p u v a ʔ e
EAT	DINNER (SUPPER)	k a i	k a i e f i a f i
EAT	LUNCH	k a i	k a i h o ʔ a t a
HOUSE	MEETING HOUSE	f a l e	f a l e k a v a
WORK (LABOUR)	TOOL	ŋ a u e	m e ʔ a ŋ a u e
BUY	SELL	f a k a t a u	f a k a t a u a t u
BEHIND	PURSUE	m u i	t u l i m u i
DOWN	GO DOWN (DESCEND)	k i l a l o	h i f o k i l a l o
FIVE	FIFTEEN	n i m a	h o ŋ o f u l u m a n i m a
FIVE	FIFTEEN	n i m a	t a h a n i m a
TEN	FIFTEEN	h o ŋ o f u l u	h o ŋ o f u l u m a n i m a
COUNTRY	MAINLAND	f o n u a	f o n u a l a h i
WATER	BATHE	v a i	v a i k a u k a u
WATER	FLOWING BODY OF WATER	v a i	v a i t a f e
PERSON	OLD MAN	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a ʔ e i k i
BEE	BEEHIVE	h o n e	t a u ŋ a h o n e
HAIR (BODY)	WOOL	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i s i p i
BONE	SPINE	h u i	h u i t u ʔ a
BACK	SPINE	t u ʔ a	h u i t u ʔ a
BACK	SPINE	t u ʔ a	f o ʔ i h u i h e h u i t u ʔ a
MOUTH	LIP	ŋ u t u	l o u ŋ u t u
FOOT	TOE	v a ʔ e	l o u h i ʔ i v a ʔ e
BREAST	NIPPLE	h u h u	m a t a ʔ i h u h u
EGG	YOLK	f o ʔ i m o a	ʔ o e f o ʔ i m o a
HOUSE	COOKHOUSE	f a l e	f a l e k u k i
GLASS	MIRROR	s i o ʔ a t a	s i o ʔ a t a s i o
BIG	MAINLAND	l a h i	f o n u a l a h i
ONE	ELEVEN	t a h a	h o ŋ o f u l u m a t a h a
ONE	ELEVEN	t a h a	t a h a t a h a
TEN	ELEVEN	h o ŋ o f u l u	h o ŋ o f u l u m a t a h a
TEN	TWELVE	h o ŋ o f u l u	h o ŋ o f u l u m a u a
WRONG	FAULT	h a l a	ŋ a u e h a l a
LEARN	PUPIL (STUDENT)	a k o	t o k o t a h a a k o
LEARN	PUPIL (STUDENT)	a k o	t a h a a k o
LEARN	SCHOOL	a k o	ʔ a p i a k o
STUDY	PUPIL (STUDENT)	a k o	t o k o t a h a a k o
STUDY	PUPIL (STUDENT)	a k o	t a h a a k o
STUDY	SCHOOL	a k o	ʔ a p i a k o
NO	NEVER	ʔ i k a i	ʔ i k a i ʔ a u p i t o
COUNTRY	CITIZEN	f o n u a	t a ŋ a t a ʔ i f o n u a
FISHHOOK	FISHING LINE	m a t a ʔ u	a f o t a u m a t a ʔ u
PERSON	CITIZEN	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a ʔ i f o n u a
HUSBAND	MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN)	m a l i	f a ʔ e ʔ a h o t o m a l i
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
PATERNAL AUNT (FATHER'S SISTER)	PATERNAL UNCLE (FATHER'S BROTHER)	f a ʔ e	f a ʔ e t a ŋ a t a
LEG	ANKLE	v a ʔ e	t u ŋ a ʔ i v a ʔ e
LEG	ANKLE	v a ʔ e	f a s i ʔ a v a ʔ e
LEG	FOOT	v a ʔ e	l a u ʔ i v a ʔ e
KNEE	KNEEL	t u i	t u ʔ u l u t u i
FOOD	MEAL	m e ʔ a t o k o n i	k o e k a i p e m a ʔ u m e ʔ a t o k o n i
TOBACCO	SMOKE (INHALE)	t a p a k a	i f i t a p a k a
ROAD	PATH	h a l a	k i ʔ i h a l a
BELOW OR UNDER	GO DOWN (DESCEND)	k i l a l o	h i f o k i l a l o
PUT	ACCUSE	t u k u	t u k u a k i ʔ i
PUT	BLAME	t u k u	t u k u a k i ʔ i
HOLE	HOLLOW OUT	a v a	a v a ŋ o ŋ o
HOLE	NOSTRIL	a v a	a v a ʔ i i h u
AGE	SEASON	t a ʔ u	f a ʔ a h i t a ʔ u
YEAR	SEASON	t a ʔ u	f a ʔ a h i t a ʔ u
ARM	ELBOW	n i m a	t u i ʔ i n i m a
HAND	FINGER	n i m a	l o u h i ʔ i n i m a
HAND	FINGERNAIL	n i m a	ŋ e ʔ e s i n i m a
HAND	WRIST	n i m a	k i a ʔ i n i m a
HAND	WRIST	n i m a	f a s i ʔ a n i m a
WATER	SPRING (OF WATER)	v a i	m a ʔ u ʔ a ŋ a v a i
WATER	SPRING (OF WATER)	v a i	m a t a v a i
SLEEP	BED	m o h e	m o h e ŋ a p e p e
SKIN	BARK	k i l i	k i l i ʔ i ʔ a k a u
HOUSE	HUT	f a l e	k i ʔ i f a l e
HOUSE	HUT	f a l e	f a l e n o f o ʔ a ŋ a
ONE	THOUSAND	t a h a	t a h a a f e
WATER	WELL	v a i	m a ʔ u ʔ a ŋ a v a i
WATER	WELL	v a i	m a t a v a i
SEA	SHORE	t a h i	m a t a t a h i
MOTHER	MATERNAL UNCLE (MOTHER'S BROTHER)	f a ʔ e	f a ʔ e t a ŋ a t a
MOTHER	PATERNAL UNCLE (FATHER'S BROTHER)	f a ʔ e	f a ʔ e t a ŋ a t a
OLD MAN	OLD (AGED)	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a ʔ a u p i t o
OLD MAN	OLD (USED)	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a ʔ a u p i t o
PIG	BOAR (MALE PIG)	p u a k a	p u a k a t a u
HEAD	HAIR (HEAD)	ʔ u l u	l o u ʔ u l u
EYELID	EYELASH	l a u m a t a	f u l u f u l u ʔ i l a u m a t a
TOOTH	MOLAR TOOTH	n i f o	n i f o ŋ a o
ARM	GLOVE	n i m a	k o f u n i m a
ARM	PALM OF HAND	n i m a	l a ʔ i n i m a
ARM	PALM OF HAND	n i m a	ʔ a o f i n i m a
LEG	CALF OF LEG	v a ʔ e	ʔ a t e ʔ i v a ʔ e
LEG	FOOTPRINT	v a ʔ e	t o p u v a ʔ e
LEG	HEEL	v a ʔ e	m u i v a ʔ e
CLOTHES	TAILOR	v a l a	t a ŋ a t a t u i t u i v a l a
FIRE	FLAME	a f i	k o e u l o ʔ a e a f i
DUST	ASH	e f u	e f u e f u
ARM	WRIST	n i m a	k i a ʔ i n i m a
ARM	WRIST	n i m a	f a s i ʔ a n i m a
HAND	ELBOW	n i m a	t u i ʔ i n i m a
PEOPLE	VILLAGE	k a k a i	k a k a i ʔ o e k o l o
WIFE	MARRIED MAN	m a l i	t a ŋ a t a m a l i
BIRD	VULTURE	m a n u p u n a	m a n u p u n a l a h i ʔ o k u n e k e i n a ʔ a e k a k a n o
BREAST	SUCK	h u h u	f a k a h u h u
RISE (MOVE UPWARDS)	PICK UP	h a k e	t o ʔ o h a k e
BEHIND	FOLLOW	m u i	m u i m u i
STAND	KNEEL	t u ʔ u	t u ʔ u l u t u i
NEAR	APPROACH	o f i	f a k a o f i o f i
YOUNG	YOUNG WOMAN	m u i	f i n e m u i
OLD (AGED)	OLD WOMAN	m o t u ʔ a	f i n e m o t u ʔ a
OLD (USED)	OLD WOMAN	m o t u ʔ a	f i n e m o t u ʔ a
NAME	CALL BY NAME	h i ŋ o a	f a k a h i ŋ o a
DAY (NOT NIGHT)	TODAY	ʔ a h o	f a k a ʔ a h o
EAT	STEAL	k a i	k a i h a ʔ a
EAT	STEAL	k a i	k a i h a ʔ a s i
WOMAN	OLDER SISTER (OF MAN)	f e f i n e	t u o f e f i n e
WOMAN	OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	f e f i n e	t u o f e f i n e
WOMAN	YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN)	f e f i n e	t u o f e f i n e
WOMAN	YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	f e f i n e	t u o f e f i n e
PERSON	MALE (OF PERSON)	t a ŋ a t a	k a k a i t a ŋ a t a
SHEEP	RAM	s i p i	s i p i t a ŋ a t a
GOAT	YOUNG GOAT (KID)	k o s i	k i ʔ i k o s i
BONE	RIB	h u i	h u i v a k a v a k a
BONE	RIB	h u i	h u i p a l a l u l u
EYE	EYELID	m a t a	l a u m a t a
HAND	PALM OF HAND	n i m a	l a ʔ i n i m a
HAND	PALM OF HAND	n i m a	ʔ a o f i n i m a
LEG	TOE	v a ʔ e	l o u h i ʔ i v a ʔ e
CLOTH	RAG	t u p e n u	k o ŋ a t u p e n u
FLOOR	MAT	f a l i k i	f a l a f a l i k i
FIGHT	ARMY	t a u	k o ŋ a t a u
BATTLE	ARMY	t a u	k o ŋ a t a u
BATTLE	WEAPONS	t a u	m e ʔ a t a u
FISHNET	SPIDER WEB	k u p e ŋ a	m a t a m a t a k u p e ŋ a
PRISON	PRISONER	p i l i s o n e	t o k o t a h a n o f o p i l i s o n e
CHICKEN	EGG	m o a	f o ʔ i m o a
CHICKEN	EGG	m o a	f u a ʔ i m o a
SMALL	CHILD (YOUNG HUMAN)	s i ʔ i	t a m a s i ʔ i
MARRIAGE OR WEDDING	MARRIED WOMAN	m a l i	f e f i n e m a l i
NIECE	CHILD (YOUNG HUMAN)	t a m a	t a m a s i ʔ i
BODY	TREE TRUNK	s i n o	s i n o ʔ i ʔ a k a u
HAIR (HEAD)	EYELASH	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i l a u m a t a
HAIR (BODY)	EYELASH	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i l a u m a t a
BACK	NAPE (OF NECK)	t u ʔ a	t u ʔ a k i a
HEAD	PROUD	ʔ u l u	ʔ u l u m a ʔ o l u ŋ a
EYE	EYELASH	m a t a	f u l u f u l u ʔ i l a u m a t a
EYE	SPRING (OF WATER)	m a t a	m a t a v a i
EYE	WELL	m a t a	m a t a v a i
NECK	NAPE (OF NECK)	k i a	t u ʔ a k i a
NECK	WRIST	k i a	k i a ʔ i n i m a
KNEE	ELBOW	t u i	t u i ʔ i n i m a
FOOT	ANKLE	v a ʔ e	t u ŋ a ʔ i v a ʔ e
FOOT	ANKLE	v a ʔ e	f a s i ʔ a v a ʔ e
MEDICINE	OINTMENT	f a i t o ʔ o	f a i t o ʔ o m i l i m i l i k i h e u o u a
FUR	EYELASH	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i l a u m a t a
GRASS	HAY	m u s i e	m u s i e m oː m o a
ROPE	FISHING LINE	a f o	a f o t a u m a t a ʔ u
PRICE	WAGES	t o t o ŋ i	t o t o ŋ i ŋ a u e
NO	BAD LUCK	ʔ i k a i	ʔ i k a i k e f a i ŋ a m a l i e
WORSHIP	TEMPLE	l o t u	f a l e l o t u
CUT	KNIFE	h e l e	h e l e p e l u
CUT	KNIFE	h e l e	h e l e t u i
CUT	KNIFE	h e l e	h e l e f u f uː
FLY (MOVE THROUGH AIR)	BIRD	p u n a	m a n u p u n a
OLD (AGED)	OLD (USED)	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a ʔ a u p i t o
SEA	HIGH TIDE	t a h i	h u ʔ a ʔ a e t a h i
FEMALE (OF PERSON)	MARRIED WOMAN	f e f i n e	f e f i n e m a l i
BONE	SHOULDERBLADE	h u i	h u i f o h e
BIG	OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	l a h i	t o k o u a l a h i
BIG	OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	l a h i	t o k o u a l a h i
MIDDAY	LUNCH	h o ʔ a t a	k a i h o ʔ a t a
YELLOW	YOLK	e ŋ eː ŋ a	k o ŋ a e ŋ eː ŋ a
ARM	FINGER	n i m a	l o u h i ʔ i n i m a
ONE	ALL	t a h a	t aː u t a h a
MAKE	EMBRACE	f a ʔ u	f a ʔ u f u a
DO	EMBRACE	f a ʔ u	f a ʔ u f u a
WALK	LEAVE	ʔ a l u	ʔ a l u m a m a ʔ o
GO	LEAVE	ʔ a l u	ʔ a l u m a m a ʔ o
SOUND OR NOISE	BE SILENT	o ŋ o	f a k a l o ŋ o l o ŋ o
SOUND OR NOISE	BE SILENT	o ŋ o	s ĩ l o ŋ o
FLOWING BODY OF WATER	SHORE	v a i t a f e	v e ʔ e v a i t a f e
MANY	CROWD	t o k o l a h i	k a k a i t o k o l a h i
DRY	HAY	m oː m o a	m u s i e m oː m o a
MEAT	CALF	p u l u	u h i k i ʔ i p u l u
MALE PERSON	OLD MAN	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a ʔ e i k i
WIFE	DIVORCE	m a l i	v e t e m a l i
WALK	RISE (MOVE UPWARDS)	ʔ a l u	ʔ a l u k i ʔ o l u ŋ a
GO	RISE (MOVE UPWARDS)	ʔ a l u	ʔ a l u k i ʔ o l u ŋ a
ONE	JOIN	t a h a	f a k a t a h a
OLD MAN	OLD WOMAN	m o t u ʔ a	f i n e m o t u ʔ a
RAIN (PRECIPITATION)	CLOUD	ʔ u h a	l o k i l o k i ʔ u h a
RAIN (PRECIPITATION)	CLOUD	ʔ u h a	l o k i k e ʔ u h a
MALE PERSON	FISHERMAN	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a t o u t a i
SOME	SOMETIMES	n i ʔ i h i	t a i m i ʔ e n i ʔ i h i
LOOK	MIRROR	s i o	s i o ʔ a t a s i o
WOMAN	HEN	f e f i n e	m o a f e f i n e
SMALL	FEW	s i ʔ i s i ʔ i	s i ʔ i s i ʔ i a ŋ e
SMALL	FEW	s i ʔ i	t o k o s i ʔ i
SMALL	FEW	s i ʔ i	s i ʔ i s i ʔ i a ŋ e
HORSE	STALLION	h oː s i	h oː s i t a u
MALE PERSON	GRANDFATHER	t a ŋ a t a	k u i t a ŋ a t a
WOMAN	GRANDMOTHER	f e f i n e	k u i f e f i n e
WATER	LAKE	v a i	a n o v a i
LAND	SHORE	f o n u a	m a t a f o n u a
WOOD	GRAPEVINE	ʔ a k a	ʔ a k a u t o t o l o
HUSBAND	MARRIED WOMAN	m a l i	f e f i n e m a l i
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN)	COUSIN	t o k o u a	t o k o u a ʔ a k i
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	COUSIN	t o k o u a	t o k o u a ʔ a k i
OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	COUSIN	t o k o u a	t o k o u a ʔ a k i
OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	COUSIN	t o k o u a	t o k o u a ʔ a k i
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN)	COUSIN	t o k o u a	t o k o u a ʔ a k i
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	COUSIN	t o k o u a	t o k o u a ʔ a k i
OLDER SISTER (OF MAN)	COUSIN	t o k o u a	t o k o u a ʔ a k i
OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	COUSIN	t o k o u a	t o k o u a ʔ a k i
EYE	BEAUTIFUL	m a t a	m a t a m a t a l e l e i
FUR	WOOL	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i s i p i
AXE	ADZE	t o k i	t o k i m a k a
CATCH	HOLD	p u k e	p u k e p u k e
TAKE	PICK UP	t o ʔ o	t o ʔ o h a k e
UP	RISE (MOVE UPWARDS)	ʔ o l u ŋ a	ʔ a l u k i ʔ o l u ŋ a
UP	RISE (MOVE UPWARDS)	k i ʔ o l u ŋ a	ʔ a l u k i ʔ o l u ŋ a
CIRCLE	BALL	f u o p o t o p o t o	m e ʔ a f u o p o t o p o t o
COUNTRY	SHORE	f o n u a	m a t a f o n u a
BATTLE	SOLDIER	t a u	t a ŋ a t a t a u
LOUSE	FLEA	k u t u	k u t u f i s i
FIVE	ELBOW	n i m a	t u i ʔ i n i m a
PERSON	BEGGAR	t o k o t a h a	t o k o t a h a m o ʔ u i ʔ a k i
PERSON	FARMER	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a ŋ o u e
PERSON	FISHERMAN	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a t o u t a i
PERSON	MARRIED MAN	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a m a l i
PERSON	MERCHANT	t o k o t a h a	t o k o t a h a p i s i n i s i k o l o a
PERSON	POET	t o k o t a h a	t o k o t a h a f a ʔ u m aː u
MALE PERSON	ROOSTER	t a ŋ a t a	f a k a t a ŋ a t a
FEMALE (OF PERSON)	OLDER SISTER (OF MAN)	f e f i n e	t u o f e f i n e
FEMALE (OF PERSON)	OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	f e f i n e	t u o f e f i n e
FEMALE (OF PERSON)	YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN)	f e f i n e	t u o f e f i n e
FEMALE (OF PERSON)	YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	f e f i n e	t u o f e f i n e
SHEEP	EWE	s i p i	s i p i f e f i n e l a h i
HEAD	DANDRUFF	ʔ u l u	ŋ e ʔ e s i ʔ u l u
FACE	EYELASH	m a t a	f u l u f u l u ʔ i l a u m a t a
FACE	EYELID	m a t a	l a u m a t a
FACE	TEAR (OF EYE)	m a t a	l o ʔ i m a t a
EYE	TEAR (OF EYE)	m a t a	l o ʔ i m a t a
FOOT	CALF OF LEG	v a ʔ e	ʔ a t e ʔ i v a ʔ e
MEDICINE	PHYSICIAN	f a i t o ʔ o	f e f i n e f a i t o ʔ o
HOUSE	SHOP	f a l e	f a l e k o l o a
HOUSE	TEMPLE	f a l e	f a l e l o t u
HOUSE	TEMPLE	f a l e	f a l e l o t u s i ʔ i
SEED	SOW SEEDS	t e ŋ a ʔ i ʔ a k a u	l u l u h a t e ŋ a ʔ i ʔ a k a u
THING	ORNAMENT	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a t e u t e u
THING	TOOL	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a ŋ a u e
THING	WEAPONS	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a t a u
SIDE	RIGHT	t a f a ʔ a k i	t a f a ʔ a k i m a t a ʔ u
BIG	LOUD	l a h i	l e ʔ o l a h i
LINE	FURROW	ʔ o t u	ʔ o t u k u o p a l a u ʔ i
SOUND OR NOISE	RATTLE	l o ŋ o a ʔ a	m e ʔ a v a ʔ i ŋ a ʔ o k u l u l u k e l o ŋ o a ʔ a
GOOD	BEAUTIFUL	l e l e i	m a t a m a t a l e l e i
VOICE	LOUD	l e ʔ o	l e ʔ o l a h i
LANGUAGE	WORD	l e a	f o ʔ i l e a
LONG	SPEAR	l oː l o a	t a o l oː l o a
MALE PERSON	PENIS	t a ŋ a t a	f a k a t a ŋ a t a
HAIR (HEAD)	WOOL	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i s i p i
TOWN	VILLAGE	k o l o	k a k a i ʔ o e k o l o
TOWN	VILLAGE	k o l o	k i ʔ i k o l o
SON	CHILD (YOUNG HUMAN)	t a m a	t a m a s i ʔ i
DAUGHTER	CHILD (YOUNG HUMAN)	t a m a	t a m a s i ʔ i
BEHIND	LAST (FINAL)	m u i	f a k a m u i m u i
HAND	THUMB	n i m a	m o t u ʔ a n i m a
MOTHER	ORPHAN	f a ʔ e	t a h a ʔ o k u m a t e ʔ e n e t a m a i m o e f a ʔ e
SON	BOY	t a m a	t a m a s i ʔ i
SON	PREGNANT	t a m a	f e i t a m a
CHICKEN	HEN	m o a	m o a f e f i n e
CHICKEN	HEN	m o a	m o t u ʔ a m o a
CHICKEN	ROOSTER	m o a	m o a t a ʔ a n e
FOOT	HEEL	v a ʔ e	m u i v a ʔ e
BREAST	UDDER	h u h u	h u h u ʔ o h a p u l u
EAT	FOOD	k a i	m e ʔ a k a i
EAT	FOOD	k a i	h o n o k a i
BOARD	SHELF	p a p a	l a u p a p a
THING	FOOD	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a k a i
THING	FOOD	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a t o k o n i
THING	FOOD	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a k a i l a h i
MISTAKE	FAULT	h a l a	ŋ a u e h a l a
DIRTY	BLACK	ʔ u l i	ʔ u l i ʔ u l i
DIRTY	BLACK	ʔ u l i	l a n u ʔ u l i ʔ u l i
DIRTY	BLACK	ʔ u l i	ʔ u l i ʔ u l i ʔ a u p i t o
FIRE	FIREWOOD	a f i	p a p a t a f u a f i
WATER	DITCH	v a i	l u o t a f e ŋ a v a i
PERSON	BLACKSMITH	t o k o t a h a	t o k o t a h a t u k i u k a m e a
SHEEP	HERDSMAN	s i p i	t a u h i s i p i
HEAD	HEADBAND OR HEADDRESS	ʔ u l u	m a l u ʔ i ʔ o e ʔ u l u
HEAD	HEADBAND OR HEADDRESS	ʔ u l u	t e u t e u ʔ u l u
SHIRT	POCKET	s o t e	k a t o ʔ i h e s o t e
HOUSE	BROOM	f a l e	t a u f a l e
SEASON	AUTUMN	f a ʔ a h i t a ʔ u	f a ʔ a h i t a ʔ u f a k a t oː l a u
SEASON	SUMMER	f a ʔ a h i t a ʔ u	f a ʔ a h i t a ʔ u m a f a n a
GOOD	HEALTHY	l e l e i	m o ʔ u i l e l e i
HILL	MOUNTAIN	m o ʔ u ŋ a	ʔ o t u m o ʔ u ŋ a
ARM	FINGERNAIL	n i m a	ŋ e ʔ e s i n i m a
LAND	CAPE	f o n u a	m u i f o n u a
BODY	CORPSE	s i n o	s i n o ʔ o e p e k i a
CATCH	SEIZE	p u k e	p u k e ʔ a k i e n i m a
CATCH	SEIZE	p u k e	p u k e f a k a m a l o h i
SMALL	BOY	s i ʔ i	t a m a s i ʔ i
DAY (NOT NIGHT)	DAWN	ʔ a h o	h e ŋ i h e ŋ i ʔ a h o
PAIN	GRIEF	m a m a h i	m a m a h i l a h i
PAIN	GRIEF	m a m a h i	l o t o m a m a h i
WATER	LAGOON	v a i	a n o v a i
WATER	LAGOON	v a i	v a i k a u k a u ʔ a ŋ a
PERSON	HOST	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a t a l i t a l i k i t a
PERSON	TAILOR	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a t u i t u i v a l a
HOUSE	RAFTER	f a l e	k a h o k i ʔ o e f a l e
FLOW	FLOWING BODY OF WATER	t a f e	k i ʔ i v a i t a f e
FLOW	FLOWING BODY OF WATER	t a f e	v a i t a f e
DOWN	LIE DOWN	k i l a l o	t o k o t o k i l a l o
DOWN	LIE DOWN	k i l a l o	t u k u k i l a l o
ASK (REQUEST)	BORROW	k o l e	k o l e k e ŋ a u e ʔ a k i
ANIMAL	HUNT	m a n u	t u l i m a n u
ARM	THUMB	n i m a	m o t u ʔ a n i m a
CARRY	PICK UP	t o ʔ o	t o ʔ o h a k e
JUDGMENT	COURT	f a k a m aː u	f a k a m aː u ʔ a ŋ a
FIVE	FINGER	n i m a	l o u h i ʔ i n i m a
PERSON	GUEST	t o k o t a h a	t o k o t a h a ʔ a ʔ a h i p e ʔ e v e ʔ e v e k i h a ʔ a p i
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
OLDER SISTER (OF MAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
OLDER SISTER (OF MAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN)	OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN)	t o k o u a	t o k o u a l a h i
SHEEP	WOOL	s i p i	f u l u f u l u ʔ i s i p i
MEASURE	WEIGH	f u a	f u a k e ʔ i l o h o n o m a m a f a
HEAVY	WEIGH	m a m a f a	f u a k e ʔ i l o h o n o m a m a f a
SPEAK	LANGUAGE	l e a	f a ʔ a h i ŋ a l e a
SAY	LANGUAGE	l e a	f a ʔ a h i ŋ a l e a
EAT	ABSTAIN FROM FOOD	k a i	k e ʔ a u k a i
HOE	SPADE	h u o	h u o s i p e i t i
PEOPLE	CROWD	k a k a i	k a k a i t o k o l a h i
PEOPLE	CROWD	k a k a i	p u p u ŋ a k a k a i
FEMALE (OF PERSON)	COW	f e f i n e	p u l u f e f i n e
FEMALE (OF PERSON)	HEN	f e f i n e	m o a f e f i n e
BACK	LAST (FINAL)	m u i	f a k a m u i m u i
NEW	STRANGER	f o ʔ o u	t a h a f o ʔ o u
NIGHT	EVENING	p o ʔ u l i	t a i m i p o ʔ u l i
SNAKE	MALE (OF PERSON)	ŋ a t a	k a k a i t a ŋ a t a
NIGHT	DARK	p o ʔ u l i	f a k a p o ʔ u p o ʔ u l i
WIFE	MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN)	m a l i	f a ʔ e ʔ a h o t o m a l i
EYE	GREEN	m a t a	l a n u m a t a
SHELL	FINGERNAIL	ŋ e ʔ e s i	ŋ e ʔ e s i n i m a
BACK	FOLLOW	m u i	m u i m u i
SKULL	HAIR (HEAD)	ʔ u l u	l o u ʔ u l u
PRICE	CHEAP	t o t o ŋ i	m a ʔ a m a ʔ a h o n o t o t o ŋ i
COLOR	LIGHT (COLOR)	l a n u	l a n u m aː m a
HAIR (BODY)	FEATHER	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i m a n u
MALE PERSON	RAM	t a ŋ a t a	s i p i t a ŋ a t a
HEAD	DIVE	ʔ u l u	h o p o t uː ʔ u l u
FAST	HURRY	v a v e	f a k a v a v e v a v e
AFTERNOON	DINNER (SUPPER)	e f i a f i	k a i e f i a f i
BELIEVE	RELIGION	t u i	f a ʔ a h i ŋ a t u i
SPEAK	BOAST	l e a	l e a l a h i
HONEY	BEEHIVE	h o n e	t a u ŋ a h o n e
LIFE	HEALTHY	m o ʔ u i	m o ʔ u i l e l e i
PERSON	THIEF	t o k o t a h a	t o k o t a h a k a i h a ʔ a
AFTERNOON	EVENING	e f i a f i	m a l u e f i a f i
SOUND OR NOISE	SILENCE	o ŋ o	f a k a l o ŋ o l o ŋ o
PERSON	PRISONER	t o k o t a h a	t o k o t a h a n o f o p i l i s o n e
HOUSE	COURT	f a l e	f a l e h o p o
RISE (MOVE UPWARDS)	STAND	h a k e	t u ʔ u h a k e
OAR	SHOULDERBLADE	f o h e	h u i f o h e
PADDLE	SHOULDERBLADE	f o h e	h u i f o h e
WARM	SUMMER	m a f a n a	f a ʔ a h i t a ʔ u m a f a n a
THROAT	NAPE (OF NECK)	k i a	t u ʔ a k i a
ANIMAL	BIRD	m a n u	m a n u p u n a
MALE PERSON	FARMER	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a ŋ o u e
PUT	LIE DOWN	t u k u	t u k u k i l a l o
HEAD	FIRST	ʔ u l u	ʔ u l u a k i
STEAL	THIEF	k a i h a ʔ a	t o k o t a h a k a i h a ʔ a
BURN (SOMETHING)	LIGHT (IGNITE)	t u t u	h o n o t u t u
DRINK	THIRST	i n u	f i e i n u
THING	RATTLE	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a v a ʔ i ŋ a ʔ o k u l u l u k e l o ŋ o a ʔ a
EDGE	SIDE	t a f a	t a f a ʔ a k i
ANIMAL	FEATHER	m a n u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i m a n u
EAT	GREEDY	k a i	ʔ u a k a i
WORK (LABOUR)	WAGES	ŋ a u e	t o t o ŋ i ŋ a u e
LIFT	PRAISE	h i k i	f a k a h ĩ k i h i k i
MARRIAGE OR WEDDING	MARRIED MAN	m a l i	t a ŋ a t a m a l i
OLD MAN	THUMB	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a t u h u
OLD MAN	THUMB	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a n i m a
BONE	HIP	h u i	h u i ʔ o k u f a k a h o k o k i a i ʔ a e h u i a l a ŋ a
BONE	HIP	h u i	h u i h e t e f i t o ʔ o e
GATHER	PILE UP	t a n a k i	t a n a k i k e f o k o t u ʔ u n a
OLD (AGED)	THUMB	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a t u h u
OLD (AGED)	THUMB	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a n i m a
OLD (USED)	THUMB	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a t u h u
OLD (USED)	THUMB	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a n i m a
BEAK	LIP	ŋ u t u	l o u ŋ u t u
LEARN	TEACHER	a k o	f a i a k o
STUDY	TEACHER	a k o	f a i a k o
COUNTRY	CAPE	f o n u a	m u i f o n u a
SAY	WORD	l e a	f o ʔ i l e a
WOOD	SHELF	p a p a	l a u p a p a
HAND	FIFTEEN	n i m a	h o ŋ o f u l u m a n i m a
HAND	FIFTEEN	n i m a	t a h a n i m a
GRIND	PESTLE	l a i k i	m e ʔ a l a i k i
SUCK	NIPPLE	h u h u	m a t a ʔ i h u h u
DARKNESS	EVENING	p o ʔ u l i	t a i m i p o ʔ u l i
JUMP	FLY (MOVE THROUGH AIR)	p u n a	f a k a p u n a
SHAKE	SHIVER	t e t e	t e t e t e t e m e i h e m o m o k o p e i l i f i a
HIGH	PROUD	m a ʔ o l u ŋ a	ʔ u l u m a ʔ o l u ŋ a
TALL	PROUD	m a ʔ o l u ŋ a	ʔ u l u m a ʔ o l u ŋ a
GARDEN	FARMER	ŋ o u e	t a ŋ a t a ŋ o u e
BIG	TOWN	l a h i	k o l o l a h i
SPEAK	WORD	l e a	f o ʔ i l e a
SPEECH	LANGUAGE	l e a	f a ʔ a h i ŋ a l e a
GRAPE	GRAPEVINE	k a l e p i	f u ʔ u k a l e p i
BEAT	PUNISHMENT	t a u	t a u t e a
STRIKE	PUNISHMENT	t a u	t a u t e a
BIG	BOAST	l a h i	l e a l a h i
COLOR	BLACK	l a n u	l a n u ʔ u l i ʔ u l i
COLOR	BLUE	l a n u	l a n u m o a n a
COLOR	GREEN	l a n u	l a n u m a t a
COLOR	WHITE	l a n u	l a n u h i n e h i n a
COLOR	YELLOW	l a n u	l a n u e ŋ eː ŋ a
KNIFE (FOR EATING)	SHEARS	h e l e	h e l e k o s i
NIGHT	DARKNESS	p o ʔ u l i	k a u p o ʔ u l i
NIGHT	DARKNESS	p o ʔ u l i	f a k a p o ʔ u l i
WOMAN	COW	f e f i n e	p u l u f e f i n e
PLANT (VEGETATION)	SEED	ʔ a k a u	t e ŋ a ʔ i ʔ a k a u
SHIP	BOAT	v a k a	v a k a ʔ a ʔ a l o
BIG	CROWD	l a h i	k a k a i t o k o l a h i
PART	BOARD	k o ŋ a	k o ŋ a p a p a m a t o l u
BLANKET	RUG	k a f u	s i p i k a f u
THING	OWN	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a ʔ a ʔ a t a
ROUND	BALL	f u o p o t o p o t o	m e ʔ a f u o p o t o p o t o
COLOR	DYE	l a n u	f a k a l a n u
DEMON	MAGICIAN	t e v o l o	t a u l a t e v o l o
HUSBAND	DIVORCE	m a l i	v e t e m a l i
PLANT (VEGETATION)	TREE	ʔ a k a u	f u ʔ u ʔ a k a u
THING	RICH	m e ʔ a	m a ʔ u m e ʔ a
DIRTY	DARKNESS	ʔ u l i	k a u p o ʔ u l i
DIRTY	DARKNESS	ʔ u l i	f a k a p o ʔ u l i
BIG	MANY	l a h i	t o k o l a h i
BIG	MANY	l a h i	ʔ o k u l a h i
BIG	MANY	l a h i	f u ʔ u l a h i
CLOTHES	PUT ON	t e u ŋ a	f a k a t e u ŋ a
DRESS	PUT ON	t e u ŋ a	f a k a t e u ŋ a
LIGHT (COLOR)	LIGHT (RADIATION)	m aː m a	f a k a m aː m a
ONE	STINGY	t a h a	t a h a n i m a m a ʔ u
MALE PERSON	MATERNAL UNCLE (MOTHER'S BROTHER)	t a ŋ a t a	f a ʔ e t a ŋ a t a
MAKE	MISTAKE	f a i	f a i h a f e h a l aː k i
DO	MISTAKE	f a i	f a i h a f e h a l aː k i
ASK (REQUEST)	BEGGAR	k o l e	ʔ a e f a ʔ a k o l e
GHOST	MAGICIAN	t e v o l o	t a u l a t e v o l o
UPPER LEG (THIGH)	HIP	a l a ŋ a	h u i ʔ o k u f a k a h o k o k i a i ʔ a e h u i a l a ŋ a
RAW	GREEN	m a t a	l a n u m a t a
BOOK	READ	t o h i	l a u t o h i
SWAMP	LAKE	a n o	a n o v a i
CHEST	BREAST	h u h u	f o ʔ i h u h u
PLANT (VEGETATION)	BARK	ʔ a k a u	k i l i ʔ i ʔ a k a u
PLANT (VEGETATION)	FLOWER	ʔ a k a u	m a t a l a ʔ i ʔ a k a u
PLANT (VEGETATION)	FRUIT	ʔ a k a u	f o ʔ i ʔ a k a u
EYE	NIPPLE	m a t a	m a t a ʔ i h u h u
MAKE	DIFFICULT	f a i	f a i ŋ a t a ʔ a
DO	DIFFICULT	f a i	f a i ŋ a t a ʔ a
LIGHT (WEIGHT)	CHEAP	m a ʔ a m a ʔ a	m a ʔ a m a ʔ a h o n o t o t o ŋ i
BE ALIVE	HEALTHY	m o ʔ u i	m o ʔ u i l e l e i
BAD	INNOCENT	k o v i	t a ʔ e ʔ i l o h a k o v i
LANGUAGE	BOAST	l e a	l e a l a h i
MALE PERSON	HOST	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a t a l i t a l i k i t a
MARRIAGE OR WEDDING	DIVORCE	m a l i	v e t e m a l i
BUTTOCKS	HEEL	m u i	m u i v a ʔ e
PAN	POT	k u l o	k u l o m a k a
PAN	POT	k u l o	k u l o u k a m e a
LAND	GRAVE	f o n u a	f o n u a l o t o
DAUGHTER	BOY	t a m a	t a m a s i ʔ i
THROAT	WRIST	k i a	k i a ʔ i n i m a
BAD	CONDEMN	k o v i	t a l a ʔ o k u k o v i
ANNOUNCE	ADMIT	f a k a h a	f a k a h a l o t o
FIGHT	WEAPONS	t a u	m e ʔ a t a u
LEAF	AUTUMN	l a u	f a ʔ a h i t a ʔ u f a k a t oː l a u
EARTH (SOIL)	BRUISE	ʔ u l i	t a k a ʔ u l i
MOUNTAIN	HILL	m o ʔ u ŋ a	ʔ o t u m o ʔ u ŋ a
STONE	STATUE	m a k a	m a k a f a k a m a n a t u m o e ʔ i m i s i
DARKNESS	DARK	p o ʔ u l i	f a k a p o ʔ u p o ʔ u l i
PERSON	SOLDIER	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a t a u
MALE PERSON	PATERNAL UNCLE (FATHER'S BROTHER)	t a ŋ a t a	f a ʔ e t a ŋ a t a
MALE PERSON	SOLDIER	t a ŋ a t a	t a ŋ a t a t a u
ANIMAL	SNAKE	m a n u	m a n u t o t o l o
FOWL	EGG	m o a	f o ʔ i m o a
FOWL	EGG	m o a	f u a ʔ i m o a
FOWL	HEN	m o a	m o a f e f i n e
FOWL	HEN	m o a	m o t u ʔ a m o a
FOWL	ROOSTER	m o a	m o a t a ʔ a n e
FOWL	YOLK	m o a	ʔ o e f o ʔ i m o a
CHICKEN	YOLK	m o a	ʔ o e f o ʔ i m o a
HAIR (HEAD)	FEATHER	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i m a n u
BACK	HEEL	m u i	m u i v a ʔ e
BACK	PURSUE	m u i	t u l i m u i
FACE	MALE PERSON	m a t a	m a t a p u l e
MOUTH	EDGE	ŋ u t u	ŋ u t u ŋ u t u
CHEST	NIPPLE	h u h u	m a t a ʔ i h u h u
KNIFE (FOR EATING)	KNIFE	h e l e	h e l e p e l u
KNIFE (FOR EATING)	KNIFE	h e l e	h e l e t u i
KNIFE (FOR EATING)	KNIFE	h e l e	h e l e f u f uː
FUR	FEATHER	f u l u f u l u	f u l u f u l u ʔ i m a n u
SEW	NEEDLE (FOR SEWING)	t u i t u i	h u i t u i t u i
NECKLACE	BEAD	k a h o a	k a h o a k u l a
DWELL (LIVE, RESIDE)	CHAIR	n o f o	n o f o ʔ a ŋ a
LAMP	LIGHT (RADIATION)	m aː m a	f a k a m aː m a
DIG	HOLE	k e l i	k e l i ʔ a ŋ a
MAKE	BAD LUCK	f a i	f o ʔ u i n e f a i
DO	BAD LUCK	f a i	f o ʔ u i n e f a i
DO	EASY	f a i	f a i ŋ o f u a
STRIKE	BULL	t a u	p u l u t a u
MAT	BED	m o h e ŋ a	m o h e ŋ a p e p e
GO DOWN (DESCEND)	DROP (SOMETHING)	h i f o	f a k a h i f o
ROAD	BRIDGE	h a l a	h a l a f a k a k a v a k a v a
SHIP	RAFT	v a k a	v a k a v a k a ʔ a m e i
BOAT	RAFT	v a k a	v a k a v a k a ʔ a m e i
THING	BALL	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a f u o p o t o p o t o
THING	PESTLE	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a l a i k i
THING	SECRET	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a f a k a f u f uː
THING	TONGS	m e ʔ a	m e ʔ a h i k o m e ʔ a k a i
MISPLACE	DISAPPEAR	m o l e	m o l e a t u
PAY	CHEAP	t o t o ŋ i	m a ʔ a m a ʔ a h o n o t o t o ŋ i
PAY	WAGES	t o t o ŋ i	t o t o ŋ i ŋ a u e
BEHIND	HEEL	m u i	m u i v a ʔ e
PUT	BEAT	t u k u	t u k u ŋ a u e
PUT	STRIKE	t u k u	t u k u ŋ a u e
PUT	UNTIE	t u k u	t u k u a ŋ e
BIG	MORE	l a h i	l a h i a ŋ e
ONE	FIFTEEN	t a h a	t a h a n i m a
ONE	PERSON	t a h a	t o k o t a h a
THREE	THEY	t o l u	k i n a u t o l u
FIVE	THUMB	n i m a	m o t u ʔ a n i m a
PART	RAG	k o ŋ a	k o ŋ a t u p e n u
OLD (USED)	OLD (AGED)	m o t u ʔ a	m o t u ʔ a ʔ a u p i t o
CEASE	HINDER OR PREVENT	t a ʔ o f i	t a ʔ o t a ʔ o f i
CLEVER	STUPID	p o t o	t a ʔ e f a k a p o t o p o t o
MAD	STUPID	v a l e	f a k a v a l e v a l e
NO	RAW	ʔ i k a i	ʔ i k a i m o h o
SAY	BOAST	l e a	l e a l a h i
TELL	ADMIT	f a k a h a	f a k a h a l o t o
ASK (INQUIRE)	BORROW	k o l e	k o l e k e ŋ a u e ʔ a k i
ADMIT	TELL	t a l a	t a l a n o a
WRITE	READ	t o h i	l a u t o h i
KING	COUNTRY	p u l e	p u l e ʔ a ŋ a
SHOOT	BOW	f a n a	k a u f a n a
SHOOT	GUN	f a n a	m e ʔ a f a n a