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Languages: Mulam-199

Basic Data

ID Mulam-199
Name Mulam
Latitude 24.8151
Longitude 108.928
Glottolog mula1253
Family Tai-Kadai
Dataset idssegmented
Concepts 1081
Forms 1172

Colexification Network

Colexification Table (418 instances found, see Colexification Table)

SourceTargetColexifierColexified
MOTHER STEPMOTHER n i ⁴ n i ⁴ l a n ²
SON GRANDSON l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
SON SON-IN-LAW (OF MAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ k ɣ aː u ⁴
SON SON-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ k ɣ aː u ⁴
DAUGHTER STEPDAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² t j e k ⁵²
DONKEY MULE l œ ² m a ⁴ l œ ²
NOSE NOSTRIL n a ŋ ¹ n a ŋ ¹ l u ŋ ¹
TOOTH GUMS f a n ¹ f a n ¹ t j aː ŋ ⁴
TOOTH GUMS f a n ¹ f a n ¹ s ə n ²
FOOT FOOTPRINT t i n ¹ j a n ⁵ t i n ¹
ROOF THATCH u ¹ ɣ ə n ² k aː i ⁵ u ¹ ɣ ə n ²
BRICK ADOBE c œ n ¹ c œ n ¹ n aː m ⁵¹
TREE PINE m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ c ɔ ŋ ⁵¹ p ɛ k ⁵²
HOOK FISHHOOK k a u ¹ t j a u ⁵ k a u ¹
TWO TWICE ɣ a ² ɣ a ² p o i ⁵
THREE THREE TIMES t aː m ¹ t aː m ¹ p o i ⁵
FOUR SQUARE t i ⁵ t i ⁵ p e ŋ ²
FIVE FIFTEEN ŋ ɔ ⁴ s ə p ⁵³ ŋ ɔ ⁴
TEN FIFTEEN s ə p ⁵³ s ə p ⁵³ ŋ ɔ ⁴
WATER DEW n a m ⁴ n a m ⁴ ɲ œ ²
FATHER PARENTS p u ⁴ p u ⁴ n i ⁴
MOTHER PARENTS n i ⁴ p u ⁴ n i ⁴
SON DAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) DAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ m aː i ⁴
CHILD (DESCENDANT) DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ m aː i ⁴
CHILD (DESCENDANT) DESCENDANTS l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
CHILD (DESCENDANT) KEY l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ s i ²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) SON-IN-LAW (OF MAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ k ɣ aː u ⁴
CHILD (DESCENDANT) SON-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ k ɣ aː u ⁴
CHILD (DESCENDANT) STEPDAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² t j e k ⁵²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) STEPSON l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ t j e k ⁵²
SPIDER SPIDER WEB t ə n ¹ ɲ ɔ ŋ ² n i t ⁵³ t ə n ¹ ɲ ɔ ŋ ²
HEAD NIPPLE k o ³ k o ³ m e ⁵¹
EAR EARLOBE kʰ ɣ a ¹ kʰ ɣ a ¹ n e ŋ ⁵
EAR EARWAX kʰ ɣ a ¹ tʃ ɛ ³ kʰ ɣ a ¹
MOUTH LIP p aː k ⁵² s ə n ² p aː k ⁵²
LEG UPPER LEG (THIGH) t a n ¹ t a n ¹ l o ⁴
FOOT TOE t i n ¹ t i n ¹ l aː k ⁵³
BREAST NIPPLE m e ⁵¹ k o ³ m e ⁵¹
EGG NIT k a i ⁵ k a i ⁵ s a t ⁵²
EGG YOLK k a i ⁵ k a i ⁵ ŋ aː n ³
TREE CARPENTER m a i ⁴ t j aː ŋ ⁵¹ m a i ⁴
DO WHY f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ n aː ŋ ²
DO WORK (LABOUR) f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ k ɔ ŋ ¹
SWEEP BROOM pʰ a t ⁵² ɲ a ŋ ³ pʰ a t ⁵²
IRON BLACKSMITH kʰ a t ⁵² t j aː ŋ ⁵¹ kʰ a t ⁵²
BORROW LEND j e m ¹ j e m ¹ p aː i ¹
THREE THIRD t aː m ¹ t i ⁵¹ t aː m ¹
TEN ELEVEN s ə p ⁵³ s ə p ⁵³ ʔ j a t ⁵²
TEN TWELVE s ə p ⁵³ s ə p ⁵³ ɲ i ⁵¹
TEN TWENTY s ə p ⁵³ ɲ i ⁵¹ s ə p ⁵³
THINK (REFLECT) IDEA t j aː ŋ ³ t j aː ŋ ³ f o p ⁵²
MAKE WHY f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ n aː ŋ ²
MAKE WORK (LABOUR) f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ k ɔ ŋ ¹
TREE BANANA TREE m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ f j aː k ⁵²
GIRL STEPDAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² t j e k ⁵²
SON DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ m aː i ⁴
SON DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ m aː i ⁴
SON GRANDDAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
SON STEPSON l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ t j e k ⁵²
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
FISH FIN m a m ⁵¹ m a m ⁵¹ h i ⁵
FACE TOWEL n a ³ tʃ a n ¹ n a ³
FACE TOWEL n a ³ s o ³ tʃ a n ¹ n a ³
THREAD SPIN p ɔ n ⁵¹ t a m ³ p ɔ n ⁵¹
MAKE FINISH f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ l i u ⁴
DO FINISH f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ l i u ⁴
COME BRING t a ŋ ¹ s a n ³ t a ŋ ¹
COME BRING t a ŋ ¹ c a u ⁴ t a ŋ ¹
ROAD PATH kʷʰ a n ¹ kʷʰ a n ¹ n i ŋ ⁵
HOLE NOSTRIL l u ŋ ¹ n a ŋ ¹ l u ŋ ¹
HAND FINGER n j a ² n j a ² l aː k ⁵³
HAND FINGERNAIL n j a ² n j a ² n a p ⁵²
HAND WRIST n j a ² n j a ² h j a u ⁵
TREE BARK m a i ⁴ ŋ ɣ a ² m a i ⁴
SKIN BARK ŋ ɣ a ² ŋ ɣ a ² m a i ⁴
FIRE SMOKE (EXHAUST) f i ¹ f i ¹ kʷ a n ¹
WATER SWIM n a m ⁴ ʔʷ aː t ⁵³ n a m ⁴
STONE MASON t u i ² t j aː ŋ ⁵¹ t u i ²
SON NEPHEW l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
DAUGHTER YOUNG WOMAN l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l o ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) SIBLING p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) SIBLING n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) SIBLING p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) SIBLING n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) SIBLING p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) SIBLING p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) SIBLING c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) SIBLING n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) SIBLING c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) SIBLING n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) c ɛ ² c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) SIBLING c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) c ɛ ² c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) c ɛ ² c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) c ɛ ² c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) SIBLING c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) c ɛ ² c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) c ɛ ² c ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴
PIG BOAR (MALE PIG) m u ⁵ m u ⁵ t a k ⁵³
PIG SOW (FEMALE PIG) m u ⁵ m u ⁵ m a i ⁴
HEAD BRAIN k o ³ k o ³ ŋ u i ²
HEAD HAIR (HEAD) k o ³ p o m ¹ k o ³
HEAD SKULL k o ³ k o ³ kʰ aː k ⁵²
MOUTH BEAK p aː k ⁵² p aː k ⁵² n ɔ k ⁵³
TOOTH MOLAR TOOTH f a n ¹ f a n ¹ l o ⁴
LEG CALF OF LEG t a n ¹ t a n ¹ n i ŋ ⁵
WING FIN h i ⁵ m a m ⁵¹ h i ⁵
MEAL BREAKFAST h u ³ h u ³ h a t ⁵²
MEAL DINNER (SUPPER) h u ³ h u ³ t a n ⁵
MEAL DINNER (SUPPER) h u ³ h u ³ m u ²
HOUSE THATCH ɣ ə n ² k aː i ⁵ u ¹ ɣ ə n ²
DOOR LATCH t ɔ ¹ s o n ⁵ t ɔ ¹
SAY SPEECH tʃ aː ŋ ³ j i a n ³ tʃ aː ŋ ³
LANGUAGE SPEAK w a ⁵¹ tʃ aː ŋ ³ w a ⁵¹
FIRE FLAME f i ¹ f i ¹ m a ²
TREE BRANCH m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ t a t ⁵²
TREE BRANCH m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ ŋ a ⁵
LOUSE NIT s a t ⁵² k a i ⁵ s a t ⁵²
HAND ELBOW n j a ² n j a ² ɲ a u ¹
WATER DIVE n a m ⁴ c a m ⁵ n a m ⁴
WATER SPLASH n a m ⁴ pʰ o t ⁵² n a m ⁴
FATHER STEPFATHER p u ⁴ p u ⁴ l a n ²
HORSE STABLE m a ⁴ l aː n ² m a ⁴
RISE (MOVE UPWARDS) LIFT l ɔ k ⁵² s e ⁵¹ l ɔ k ⁵²
HAVE CONCEIVE m ɛ ² m ɛ ² w a t ⁵³
IN FRONT OF DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY k u n ⁵ f a n ¹ k u n ⁵
OUTSIDE GO OUT u k ⁵² u k ⁵² p aː i ¹
BIG STORM l o ⁴ t ɔ k ⁵² kʷ ə n ¹ l o ⁴
WATER WHIRLPOOL n a m ⁴ n a m ⁴ c œ n ⁵¹
MALE (OF ANIMAL) BULL t a k ⁵³ t a n ² t a k ⁵³
MALE (OF ANIMAL) RAM t a k ⁵³ tʃʷ a ² t a k ⁵³
MALE (OF ANIMAL) STALLION t a k ⁵³ m a ⁴ t a k ⁵³
SHEEP RAM tʃʷ a ² tʃʷ a ² t a k ⁵³
BONE RIB h ɣ aː k ⁵² h ɣ aː k ⁵² s ɛ k ⁵²
EYE EYELID l a ¹ ŋ a ⁵ l a ¹
HAND PALM OF HAND n j a ² kʷ a ³ n j a ²
GIRL YOUNG WOMAN l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l o ⁴
HEAD PILLOW k o ³ k o ³ m u n ¹
EYE BLINK l a ¹ j a p ⁵² l a ¹
TONGUE FLAME m a ² f i ¹ m a ²
FOOT ANKLE t i n ¹ t i n ¹ n ɔ k ⁵²
RUN FLEE tʰ aː ŋ ⁵ tʰ aː ŋ ⁵ n a ŋ ⁵¹
BIG SHIP l o ⁴ s œ n ² l o ⁴
SMALL BOAT n i ŋ ⁵ s œ n ² n i ŋ ⁵
FIRE LIGHT (IGNITE) f i ¹ t ɔ ⁴ f i ¹
FIRE LIGHT (IGNITE) f i ¹ t j e m ⁴ f i ¹
FEMALE (OF PERSON) STEPDAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² t j e k ⁵²
HUSBAND SON-IN-LAW (OF MAN) k ɣ aː u ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ k ɣ aː u ⁴
HUSBAND SON-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) k ɣ aː u ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ k ɣ aː u ⁴
WIFE DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) m aː i ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ m aː i ⁴
WIFE DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) m aː i ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ m aː i ⁴
FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) m aː i ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ m aː i ⁴
FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) m aː i ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ m aː i ⁴
BONE SHOULDERBLADE h ɣ aː k ⁵² h ɣ aː k ⁵² p a n ² s i ²
MEAL LUNCH h u ³ h u ³ f a n ¹
BELOW OR UNDER ARMPIT t e ³ t e ³ h a ⁵
BELOW OR UNDER ARMPIT t e ³ t e ³ h a ⁵
YELLOW YOLK ŋ aː n ³ k a i ⁵ ŋ aː n ³
CHILD (YOUNG HUMAN) BABY l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵ l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵ ŋ e ³
SNAKE LIZARD t u i ² t u i ² t i ⁵ t i n ¹
HUNGER FAMINE ŋ a ⁵¹ ŋ a ⁵¹ h ɔ ŋ ¹
MAKE STEAL f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ l a k ⁵³
DO STEAL f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ l a k ⁵³
GO GO OUT p aː i ¹ u k ⁵² p aː i ¹
HEAD CAPE k o ³ k o ³ n j a ¹
WATER TEAR (OF EYE) n a m ⁴ n a m ⁴ l a ¹
MALE (OF ANIMAL) BOAR (MALE PIG) t a k ⁵³ m u ⁵ t a k ⁵³
EYE EYEBROW l a ¹ p ə n ¹ l a ¹
BIG ANCESTORS l o ⁴ m ə ⁰ l o ⁴
MANY MORE k o ŋ ² n a ŋ ³ k o ŋ ²
DRY HAY kʰ u ¹ m a ŋ ¹ kʰ u ¹
HEAD BALD k o ³ k o ³ k j aː ŋ ⁴
GUN SHOOT cʰ ɔ ŋ ⁵ k u i ⁵ cʰ ɔ ŋ ⁵
FIRE EMBERS f i ¹ f i ¹ s i ŋ ⁵¹
FIRE EMBERS f i ¹ f i ¹ k ɔ ¹
DIE CORPSE t a i ¹ s ə n ¹ t a i ¹
HORSE STALLION m a ⁴ m a ⁴ t a k ⁵³
LAND WORLD t i ⁵¹ m ə n ¹ t i ⁵¹
EARTH (SOIL) ADOBE n aː m ⁵¹ c œ n ¹ n aː m ⁵¹
TREE FOREST m a i ⁴ p j a n ⁵ m a i ⁴
TREE WOOD m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ p a t ⁵²
FIRE EXTINGUISH f i ¹ l a p ⁵² f i ¹
FEMALE (OF PERSON) YOUNG WOMAN l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l o ⁴
GRANDMOTHER OLD WOMAN pʷ a ² pʷ a ² l o ⁴
MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) PARENTS n i ⁴ p u ⁴ n i ⁴
MALE (OF ANIMAL) FOAL t a k ⁵³ m a ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ t a k ⁵³
OX BULL t a n ² t a n ² t a k ⁵³
OX COW t a n ² t a n ² m a i ⁴
SHEEP EWE tʃʷ a ² tʃʷ a ² m a i ⁴
HORSE MARE m a ⁴ m a ⁴ m a i ⁴
HEAD VEIL k o ³ pʰ a ⁵ k o ³
EYE TEAR (OF EYE) l a ¹ n a m ⁴ l a ¹
HAND ARM n j a ² n j a ² p u ŋ ⁴
HEART GRIEF t a m ¹ s j aː ŋ ¹ t a m ¹
SPIT DRIBBLE ɲ œ ² l e ⁵¹ ɲ œ ²
DIE DROWNED t a i ¹ t a m ⁵ t a i ¹
MEDICINE POISON k ɣ a ² k ɣ a ² t ɔ k ⁵³
GRIND MILL mʷ a ⁵¹ h o i ⁵ mʷ a ⁵¹
PLOUGH FURROW kʰ a i ¹ kʰ a i ¹ l u ²
CARRY BRING c a u ⁴ c a u ⁴ t a ŋ ¹
ROAD WALK kʷʰ a n ¹ cʰ a m ⁵ kʷʰ a n ¹
SIDE LEFT m j a n ² m j a n ² tʃ e ⁴
SIDE RIGHT m j a n ² m j a n ² f a ¹
BIG BARLEY l o ⁴ m ɛ k ⁵³ l o ⁴
SMALL FLOWING BODY OF WATER n i ŋ ⁵ n j a ¹ n i ŋ ⁵
SMALL PATH n i ŋ ⁵ kʷʰ a n ¹ n i ŋ ⁵
HOLE WINDOW l u ŋ ¹ l u ŋ ¹ cʰ o ŋ ¹
BITTER SALTY k a m ¹ n a ŋ ⁵ k a m ¹
PATERNAL AUNT (FATHER'S SISTER) COUSIN f a i ⁵¹ f a i ⁵¹ p a ³
HE THEY m ɔ ⁵¹ m ɔ ⁵¹ hʷ a ³ k ə ⁵¹
SHE THEY m ɔ ⁵¹ m ɔ ⁵¹ hʷ a ³ k ə ⁵¹
IT THEY m ɔ ⁵¹ m ɔ ⁵¹ hʷ a ³ k ə ⁵¹
SON CHILD (YOUNG HUMAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵
HORSE FOAL m a ⁴ m a ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ t a k ⁵³
HORSE FOAL m a ⁴ m a ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ m a i ⁴
BODY BATHE h ɣ ə n ¹ s u k ⁵² h ɣ ə n ¹
WASH BATHE s u k ⁵² s u k ⁵² h ɣ ə n ¹
HAND THUMB n j a ² n j a ² m a i ⁴
PERSON CROWD s a n ¹ hʷ aː i ³ s a n ¹
SON BOY l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵
SON CALF l aː k ⁵³ t a n ² l aː k ⁵³
SON FINGER l aː k ⁵³ n j a ² l aː k ⁵³
SON GIRL l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
SON TOE l aː k ⁵³ t i n ¹ l aː k ⁵³
GRANDSON NIECE l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
NEPHEW NIECE l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
HORSE MULE m a ⁴ m a ⁴ l œ ²
CHICKEN HEN tʃ i ¹ tʃ i ¹ m a i ⁴
CHICKEN ROOSTER tʃ i ¹ tʃ i ¹ t a i ³
ELEPHANT GUMS t j aː ŋ ⁴ f a n ¹ t j aː ŋ ⁴
FLY (INSECT) MOSQUITO ɲ u ŋ ² ɲ u ŋ ² tʰ a u ⁵ m u ²
BRAIN MIND k o ³ ŋ u i ² h o ³ k o ³ ŋ u i ²
FOOT HEEL t i n ¹ t i n ¹ kʰ ɔ ŋ ¹
EAT FOOD c aː n ¹ j a ŋ ⁵¹ c aː n ¹
COOK (SOMETHING) BOIL (OF LIQUID) t u ŋ ¹ t u ŋ ¹ n a m ⁴
CLOTHES COLLAR k u k ⁵² l a n ³ k u k ⁵²
CLOTHES SHIRT k u k ⁵² k u k ⁵² h o ³
LEATHER BARK ŋ ɣ a ² ŋ ɣ a ² m a i ⁴
RICE THRESH h u ³ s a u ¹ h u ³
RICE THRESH h u ³ k u i ⁵ h u ³
MAKE CALL BY NAME f ɛ ⁴ t i n ¹ f ɛ ⁴
DO CALL BY NAME f ɛ ⁴ t i n ¹ f ɛ ⁴
CLAY ADOBE n aː m ⁵¹ c œ n ¹ n aː m ⁵¹
CRAWL CLIMB pʷ a ² pʷ a ² cʰ a ⁴
GO SEND p aː i ¹ k i ⁵ p aː i ¹
ROAD LEAD (GUIDE) kʷʰ a n ¹ s a n ³ kʷʰ a n ¹
CART DRIVE cʰ j a ¹ kʰ a i ¹ cʰ j a ¹
HAVE PREGNANT m ɛ ² m ɛ ² w a t ⁵³
HAVE RICH m ɛ ² m ɛ ² t j e n ²
OWN PREGNANT m ɛ ² m ɛ ² w a t ⁵³
OWN RICH m ɛ ² m ɛ ² t j e n ²
LOOK FOR FIND l a ⁴ l a ⁴ l a i ³
BOTTOM ARMPIT t e ³ t e ³ h a ⁵
BIG ROAD l o ⁴ kʷʰ a n ¹ l o ⁴
SMALL SOME n i ŋ ⁵ l e ⁵ n i ŋ ⁵
CROOKED TWIST ŋʷ aː n ¹ c œ n ⁵ ŋʷ aː n ¹
CROOKED TWIST ŋʷ aː n ¹ kʷ o n ⁵¹ ŋʷ aː n ¹
WEEK MONDAY l i ³ p aː i ⁴ l i ³ p aː i ⁴ j i ²
WEEK SATURDAY l i ³ p aː i ⁴ l i ³ p aː i ⁴ l u ⁵¹
WEEK SUNDAY l i ³ p aː i ⁴ l i ³ p aː i ⁴ tʰ i a n ⁵
WEEK THURSDAY l i ³ p aː i ⁴ l i ³ p aː i ⁴ s i ⁴
WEEK WEDNESDAY l i ³ p aː i ⁴ l i ³ p aː i ⁴ s aː n ⁵
TASTE (SOMETHING) BRACKISH m i ⁵¹ t ɔ ⁵¹ m i ⁵¹ t ɔ ⁵¹ cʰ a ¹
LOOK SHOW k a u ⁵ l ɔ ⁵¹ k a u ⁵
BRIGHT DAWN k ɣ aː ŋ ¹ m ə n ¹ k ɣ aː ŋ ¹
BOOK TEACH l ɛ ² tʃ aː u ⁵ l ɛ ²
PUNISHMENT FINE (PENALTY) f aː t ⁵³ f aː t ⁵³ t j e n ²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) BABY l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵ ŋ e ³
CHILD (DESCENDANT) CALF l aː k ⁵³ t a n ² l aː k ⁵³
CHILD (DESCENDANT) GIRL l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) GRANDDAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
CHILD (DESCENDANT) NIECE l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) NIECE l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) TWINS l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ s ɛ ŋ ¹ w a t ⁵³
OX CALF t a n ² t a n ² l aː k ⁵³
HEAD HEADBAND OR HEADDRESS k o ³ pʰ a ⁵ k o ³
RIPE YOLK ŋ aː n ³ k a i ⁵ ŋ aː n ³
CLOTHES COAT k u k ⁵² k u k ⁵² u k ⁵²
RAG TOWEL s o ³ tʃ a n ¹ s o ³ tʃ a n ¹ n a ³
HOUSE ROOM ɣ ə n ² kʰ ɔ ŋ ⁵ ɣ ə n ²
SMOKE (INHALE) TOBACCO j e n ¹ f a ⁵ j e n ¹
DROP (SOMETHING) FALL p œ ¹ p œ ¹ l u i ⁵¹
CART WHEEL cʰ j a ¹ l a n ² cʰ j a ¹
HAVE STRONG m ɛ ² m ɛ ² l i k ⁵³
BIG UPPER LEG (THIGH) l o ⁴ t a n ¹ l o ⁴
COLD WINTER ɲ i t ⁵² m a n ³ ɲ i t ⁵²
DIFFICULT OBSCURE n aː n ² n aː n ² t o ŋ ³
SKY WORLD m ə n ¹ m ə n ¹ t i ⁵¹
SON NIECE l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
SON TWINS l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ s ɛ ŋ ¹ w a t ⁵³
SON YOUNG WOMAN l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l o ⁴
GRAIN THRESH h u ³ s a u ¹ h u ³
GRAIN THRESH h u ³ k u i ⁵ h u ³
BIG GUN l o ⁴ cʰ ɔ ŋ ⁵ l o ⁴
CALL CALL BY NAME t i n ¹ t i n ¹ f ɛ ⁴
CHILD (DESCENDANT) GRANDSON l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
HOW HOW MANY PIECES i ⁵¹ m aː ŋ ² i ⁵¹ m aː ŋ ² k u ŋ ²
HOW HOW MUCH i ⁵¹ m aː ŋ ² i ⁵¹ m aː ŋ ² k u ŋ ²
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) n u ŋ ⁴ p a i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴
LEAF TOBACCO f a ⁵ f a ⁵ j e n ¹
DIVIDE SEPARATE kʰ e ¹ kʰ e ¹ kʰ a i ¹
SPEAK SPEECH tʃ aː ŋ ³ j i a n ³ tʃ aː ŋ ³
CHILD (DESCENDANT) BOY l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵
EARTH (SOIL) MUD n aː m ⁵¹ n aː m ⁵¹ m j a p ⁵²
SKY DAWN m ə n ¹ m ə n ¹ k ɣ aː ŋ ¹
SKY EVENING m ə n ¹ m ə n ¹ l a p ⁵²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) CHILD (YOUNG HUMAN) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵
CHILD (DESCENDANT) YOUNG WOMAN l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l o ⁴
FATHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) PARENTS p u ⁴ p u ⁴ n i ⁴
CLOTHES SEW k u k ⁵² cʰ a ¹ k u k ⁵²
CLAY MUD n aː m ⁵¹ n aː m ⁵¹ m j a p ⁵²
LEAVE FLEE n a ŋ ⁵¹ tʰ aː ŋ ⁵ n a ŋ ⁵¹
OPEN SEPARATE kʰ a i ¹ kʰ e ¹ kʰ a i ¹
OPEN SPLIT kʰ a i ¹ kʷʰ a ⁵ kʰ a i ¹
LOOK UGLY k a u ⁵ n aː n ⁵ k a u ⁵
SPEAK TELL tʃ aː ŋ ³ tʃ aː ŋ ³ k u ⁴ s i ⁴
SAY TELL tʃ aː ŋ ³ tʃ aː ŋ ³ k u ⁴ s i ⁴
PEOPLE CROWD s a n ¹ hʷ aː i ³ s a n ¹
PATERNAL UNCLE (FATHER'S BROTHER) PATERNAL AUNT (FATHER'S SISTER) c a u ⁵ s ə ¹ f a i ⁵¹ c a u ⁵
MATERNAL UNCLE (MOTHER'S BROTHER) PATERNAL AUNT (FATHER'S SISTER) c a u ⁵ s ə ¹ f a i ⁵¹ c a u ⁵
FORK PITCHFORK cʰ a ¹ cʰ a ¹ ŋ a ¹
OWN CONCEIVE m ɛ ² m ɛ ² w a t ⁵³
OWN POWERFUL m ɛ ² m ɛ ² l i k ⁵³
OWN STRONG m ɛ ² m ɛ ² l i k ⁵³
GET CATCH l a i ³ cʷ a ¹ l a i ³
BUY TRADE OR BARTER h ɣ ə i ³ h ɣ ə i ³ tʃ ɛ ¹
DOWN ARMPIT t e ³ t e ³ h a ⁵
SEE MEET n a n ¹ pʰ ɔ ŋ ⁵ n a n ¹
GET FIND l a i ³ l a ⁴ l a i ³
GET SEIZE l a i ³ c o k ⁵² l a i ³
SELL TRADE OR BARTER tʃ ɛ ¹ h ɣ ə i ³ tʃ ɛ ¹
BIG YOUNG WOMAN l o ⁴ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² l o ⁴
HOT SUMMER ɲ e t ⁵³ m a n ³ ɲ e t ⁵³
FLOWING BODY OF WATER CAPE n j a ¹ k o ³ n j a ¹
CHILD (DESCENDANT) FINGER l aː k ⁵³ n j a ² l aː k ⁵³
GRANDFATHER FATHER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) k ɔ ŋ ¹ k j a ¹ k ɔ ŋ ¹
PUT LET GO OR SET FREE t ɔ ŋ ⁵ t ɔ ŋ ⁵ n a ŋ ⁵¹
SMALL HUT n i ŋ ⁵ ɣ ə n ⁵ n i ŋ ⁵
LONG STRETCH ɣ a i ³ l œ ⁵ ɣ a i ³
FOUR ANIMAL t i ⁵ t i ⁵¹ t o ²
BUILD WORK (LABOUR) f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ k ɔ ŋ ¹
SON DESCENDANTS l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
WATER BOIL (OF LIQUID) n a m ⁴ t u ŋ ¹ n a m ⁴
LEAVE DISAPPEAR n a ŋ ⁵¹ n i ⁴ n a ŋ ⁵¹
SAY SPEAK tʃ aː ŋ ³ tʃ aː ŋ ³ w a ⁵¹
GRANDMOTHER MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) pʷ a ² k j a ¹ pʷ a ²
FRUIT NUT h u i ¹ h u i ¹ t ə ⁰ l i t ⁵³
CARRY IN HAND BRING c a u ⁴ c a u ⁴ t a ŋ ¹
MATERNAL AUNT (MOTHER'S SISTER) COUSIN f a i ⁵¹ f a i ⁵¹ p a ³
MATERNAL AUNT (MOTHER'S SISTER) COUSIN p a ³ f a i ⁵¹ p a ³
TREE TRUNK CARPENTER m a i ⁴ t j aː ŋ ⁵¹ m a i ⁴
GRANDMOTHER WIDOW pʷ a ² pʷ a ² k u n ³
OX CATTLE t a n ² t a n ² m a ⁴
HORSE CATTLE m a ⁴ t a n ² m a ⁴
BOY BABY l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵ l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵ ŋ e ³
SON BABY l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ t e ⁵ ŋ e ³
SON STEPDAUGHTER l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ ʔ j aː k ⁵² t j e k ⁵²
TREE THUMB m a i ⁴ n j a ² m a i ⁴
NOW TODAY n aː i ⁵¹ f a n ¹ n aː i ⁵¹
BIG OLD WOMAN l o ⁴ pʷ a ² l o ⁴
DARKNESS EVENING l a p ⁵² m ə n ¹ l a p ⁵²
GIVE SEPARATE kʰ e ¹ kʰ e ¹ kʰ a i ¹
SHARE SEPARATE kʰ e ¹ kʰ e ¹ kʰ a i ¹
GRANDDAUGHTER NIECE l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹ ʔ j aː k ⁵²
MOW HARVEST s a u ¹ s a u ¹ s ə n ²
FIRE LAMP f i ¹ f i ¹ t a ŋ ¹
THINK (BELIEVE) IDEA t j aː ŋ ³ t j aː ŋ ³ f o p ⁵²
CHILD (DESCENDANT) NEPHEW l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
CHILD (DESCENDANT) TOE l aː k ⁵³ t i n ¹ l aː k ⁵³
MOSQUITO FLY (INSECT) ɲ u ŋ ² ɲ u ŋ ² tʰ a u ⁵ f a n ¹
CHEEK TOWEL n a ³ tʃ a n ¹ n a ³
CHEEK TOWEL n a ³ s o ³ tʃ a n ¹ n a ³
SON CHILD (DESCENDANT) l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ kʰ ɣ aː n ¹
CLOTH WEAVE j a ¹ t a m ³ j a ¹
TREE TRUNK BRANCH m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ t a t ⁵²
TREE TRUNK BRANCH m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ ŋ a ⁵
BUILD WHY f ɛ ⁴ f ɛ ⁴ n aː ŋ ²
BIG MOLAR TOOTH l o ⁴ f a n ¹ l o ⁴
WING FEATHER h i ⁵ c ə n ¹ h i ⁵
SON STAR l aː k ⁵³ l aː k ⁵³ m a t ⁵²
TREE TRUNK BARK m a i ⁴ ŋ ɣ a ² m a i ⁴
TREE TRUNK BANANA TREE m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ f j aː k ⁵²
SKY WEATHER m ə n ¹ m ə n ¹ c i ⁵
MOW THRESH s a u ¹ s a u ¹ h u ³
TREE TRUNK PINE m a i ⁴ m a i ⁴ c ɔ ŋ ⁵¹ p ɛ k ⁵²
COIN FINE (PENALTY) t j e n ² f aː t ⁵³ t j e n ²
COIN RICH t j e n ² m ɛ ² t j e n ²
BELOW OR UNDER NECK t e ³ t e ³ l a n ³
BELOW OR UNDER NECK t e ³ t e ³ l a n ³
NIGHT MOSQUITO tʰ a u ⁵ m u ² ɲ u ŋ ² tʰ a u ⁵ m u ²
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Last updated on 2026-05-11.
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