Languages: Maonan-187
Basic Data
| ID | Maonan-187 |
|---|---|
| Name | Maonan |
| Latitude | 25.0169 |
| Longitude | 108.024 |
| Glottolog | maon1241 |
| Family | Tai-Kadai |
| Dataset | idssegmented |
| Concepts | 1104 |
| Forms | 1208 |
Colexification Network
Colexification Table (382 instances found, see Colexification Table)
| Source | Target | Colexifier | Colexified |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOTHER | MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ k ə ⁵¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| FISH | FISHHOOK | m j a i ³ | ŋ a u ¹ m j a i ³ |
| FISH | FISHING LINE | m j a i ³ | s i e n ⁵ m j a i ³ |
| FISH | FISHNET | m j a i ³ | w aː ŋ ³ m j a i ³ |
| NOSE | NOSTRIL | ʔ n a ŋ ¹ | c ə m ⁵ ʔ n a ŋ ¹ |
| ARM | BRACELET | tʃʰ iː n ¹ | w u n ⁵ tʃʰ iː n ¹ |
| FOOT | FOOTPRINT | t iː n ¹ | i n ⁵ t iː n ¹ |
| EAT | LUNCH | n a ⁴ | n a ⁴ ŋ e ¹ |
| SHOE | SHOEMAKER | h aː i ¹ | a i ¹ w ɛ ⁴ h aː i ¹ |
| ROOF | THATCH | ʔ j u ¹ j aː n ¹ | ʔ j u ¹ j aː n ¹ h i ¹ |
| TREE | PINE | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ tʃ a i ⁵ |
| WORK (LABOUR) | TOOL | v ɛ ⁴ k ɔ ŋ ¹ | j iː ŋ ⁵¹ v ɛ ⁴ k ɔ ŋ ¹ |
| TWIST | TURN AROUND | c o n ⁵ | c o n ⁵ p o ŋ ⁵ l ə n ² |
| GO | GO DOWN (DESCEND) | p aː i ¹ | s aː m ³ kʰ a ³ p aː i ¹ |
| GO | GO UP (ASCEND) | p aː i ¹ | s aː m ³ ʔ j u ¹ p aː i ¹ |
| IN FRONT OF | FOREHEAD | n a ³ | n a ³ p j aː k ⁵² |
| INSIDE | ENTER | j aː u ³ | ʔ d aː u ⁴ j aː u ³ |
| HOOK | FISHHOOK | ŋ a u ¹ | ŋ a u ¹ m j a i ³ |
| TWO | TWICE | j a ² | j a ² p a i ⁴ |
| THREE | THREE TIMES | s aː m ¹ | s aː m ¹ p a i ⁴ |
| FOUR | SQUARE | s i ⁵ | s i ⁵ p j a ʔ ⁵² |
| FIVE | FIFTEEN | ŋ ɔ ⁴ | z ə p ⁵³ ŋ ɔ ⁴ |
| TEN | FIFTEEN | z ə p ⁵³ | z ə p ⁵³ ŋ ɔ ⁴ |
| LATE | LAST (FINAL) | l ə n ² | c uː i ⁴ l ə n ² |
| LAUGH | SMILE | tʃ u ¹ | ʔ j a ŋ ¹ tʃ u ¹ |
| EARTH (SOIL) | CLAY | kʰ ə m ⁵ | kʰ ə m ⁵ ʔ m a ³ |
| WOOD | CARPENTER | m a i ⁴ | a i ¹ z aː ŋ ⁵¹ m a i ⁴ |
| WOOD | FRUIT | m a i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m a i ⁴ |
| FATHER | PARENTS | t ɛ ² | t ɛ ² n i ⁴ |
| MOTHER | HEN | n i ⁴ | k aː i ⁵ n i ⁴ |
| MOTHER | PARENTS | n i ⁴ | t ɛ ² n i ⁴ |
| GRANDMOTHER | ANCESTORS | p a ² | k ɔ ŋ ¹ p a ² |
| NEST | BEEHIVE | k u ŋ ¹ | k u ŋ ¹ l u ʔ ⁵³ |
| SPIDER | SPIDER WEB | k u ŋ ⁵¹ k aː ŋ ¹ | k u ŋ ¹ k u ŋ ⁵¹ k aː ŋ ¹ |
| BEE | BEEHIVE | l u ʔ ⁵³ | k u ŋ ¹ l u ʔ ⁵³ |
| EAR | EARRING | kʰ a ¹ | ʔ n ɛ ŋ ⁵ kʰ a ¹ |
| EAR | EARWAX | kʰ a ¹ | tʃʰ ɛ ⁴ kʰ a ¹ |
| MOUTH | LIP | p aː k ⁵² | p i ² p aː k ⁵² |
| FOOT | TOE | t iː n ¹ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ t iː n ¹ |
| EGG | NIT | k a i ⁵ | k a i ⁵ t u ¹ |
| EGG | YOLK | k a i ⁵ | k a i ⁵ m aː n ³ |
| HOUSE | NEIGHBOUR | j aː n ¹ | j aː n ¹ j e n ¹ |
| HOUSE | COOKHOUSE | j aː n ¹ | j aː n ¹ t u ŋ ¹ u ⁵ |
| TREE | CARPENTER | m a i ⁴ | a i ¹ z aː ŋ ⁵¹ m a i ⁴ |
| TREE | FRUIT | m a i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m a i ⁴ |
| DO | CUSTOM | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ kʷ aː n ⁵ |
| DO | WORK (LABOUR) | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ k ɔ ŋ ¹ |
| SWEEP | BROOM | kʷ aː t ⁵² | ɲ uː i ⁵¹ kʷ aː t ⁵² |
| IRON | BLACKSMITH | tʃʰ i t ⁵² | a i ¹ z aː ŋ ⁵¹ tʃʰ i t ⁵² |
| BORROW | LEND | j e ŋ ¹ | j e ŋ ¹ p aː i ¹ |
| THREE | THIRD | s aː m ¹ | t i ⁵¹ s aː m ¹ |
| TEN | ELEVEN | z ə p ⁵³ | z ə p ⁵³ ʔ j i t ⁵² |
| TEN | TWELVE | z ə p ⁵³ | z ə p ⁵³ ɲ i ⁵¹ |
| TEN | TWENTY | z ə p ⁵³ | ɲ i ⁵¹ z ə p ⁵³ |
| LEARN | PUPIL (STUDENT) | h aː ʔ ⁵³ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ h aː ʔ ⁵³ |
| LEARN | SCHOOL | h aː ʔ ⁵³ | j aː u ³ h aː ʔ ⁵³ |
| STUDY | PUPIL (STUDENT) | h aː ʔ ⁵³ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ h aː ʔ ⁵³ |
| STUDY | SCHOOL | h aː ʔ ⁵³ | j aː u ³ h aː ʔ ⁵³ |
| MAKE | WORK (LABOUR) | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ k ɔ ŋ ¹ |
| TREE | BANANA TREE | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ l aː ʔ ⁵³ tʃ o i ³ |
| TREE | FIR | m a i ⁴ | tʰ o ŋ ³ m a i ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | v aː i ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | v aː i ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | v aː i ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | v aː i ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | v aː i ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | v aː i ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| FISH | FIN | m j a i ³ | v a ⁵ m j a i ³ |
| MAKE | FINISH | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ tʃ i m ¹ |
| DO | FINISH | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ tʃ i m ¹ |
| IRON | ANVIL | tʃʰ i t ⁵² | tʃ e ŋ ² tʃʰ i t ⁵² |
| BELOW OR UNDER | BOTTOM | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ t e ³ |
| BELOW OR UNDER | BOTTOM | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ t e ³ |
| EARLY | DAWN | s a m ¹ | s a m ¹ s i ¹ |
| MAGIC | MAGICIAN | m u ¹ | a i ¹ m u ¹ |
| ARM | ELBOW | tʃʰ iː n ¹ | tʃʰ iː n ¹ ŋ ɔ ʔ ⁵² |
| HAND | FINGER | s iː m ³ | l aː k ⁵³ s iː m ³ |
| SKIN | LIP | p i ² | p i ² p aː k ⁵² |
| WATER | SPRING (OF WATER) | n a m ³ | n a m ³ u ʔ ⁵² |
| TREE | BARK | m a i ⁴ | p i ² m a i ⁴ |
| SKIN | BARK | p i ² | p i ² m a i ⁴ |
| LEG | LAME | p j a ¹ | p j a ¹ kʷ a ² |
| LEG | LAME | p j a ¹ | p j a ¹ ʔ d ɛ ŋ ³ |
| LEG | LAME | p j a ¹ | p j a ¹ kʷ ɛ ² |
| GOOD | HAPPY | ʔ d aː i ² | ʔ d aː i ² m a ŋ ⁴ |
| WATER | WELL | n a m ³ | n a m ³ u ʔ ⁵² |
| TREE | GRAPEVINE | m a i ⁴ | z a ⁵ m a i ⁴ |
| WOOD | FIR | m a i ⁴ | tʰ o ŋ ³ m a i ⁴ |
| WOOD | PINE | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ tʃ a i ⁵ |
| STONE | MASON | t uː i ² | a i ¹ s i u ⁵¹ t uː i ² |
| MOTHER | MATERNAL AUNT (MOTHER'S SISTER) | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ l aː ʔ ⁵³ kʷ i ² |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | v ɛ ² | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | v ɛ ² | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | v ɛ ² | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER SISTER (OF MAN) | v ɛ ² | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | v ɛ ² | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | v ɛ ² | v ɛ ² n u ŋ ⁴ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | SOW (FEMALE PIG) | l u ŋ ³ | m u ⁵ l u ŋ ³ |
| PIG | BOAR (MALE PIG) | m u ⁵ | m u ⁵ t a ʔ ⁵³ |
| PIG | SOW (FEMALE PIG) | m u ⁵ | m u ⁵ l u ŋ ³ |
| MOUTH | BEAK | p aː k ⁵² | p aː k ⁵² n ɔː ʔ ⁵³ |
| NECK | COLLAR | ʔ d ə n ⁴ | ʔ d ə n ⁴ k u ʔ ⁵² |
| LEG | CALF OF LEG | p j a ¹ | p j a ¹ n i ⁴ |
| WING | FIN | v a ⁵ | v a ⁵ m j a i ³ |
| CLOTHES | TAILOR | k u ʔ ⁵² | a i ¹ f aː ŋ ¹ k u ʔ ⁵² |
| HOUSE | ROOF | j aː n ¹ | ʔ j u ¹ j aː n ¹ |
| DOOR | WINDOW | t ɔ ¹ | t ɔ ¹ c o ŋ ¹ |
| WALK | GO UP (ASCEND) | s aː m ³ | s aː m ³ ʔ j u ¹ p aː i ¹ |
| FIRE | FLAME | v i ¹ | m a ² v i ¹ |
| TREE | BRANCH | m a i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m a i ⁴ |
| LOUSE | NIT | t u ¹ | k a i ⁵ t u ¹ |
| THUNDER | LIGHTNING | v a ¹ | v a ¹ ʔ d aː p ⁵³ |
| WATER | DIVE | n a m ³ | m u t ⁵² n a m ³ |
| HORSE | STABLE | m j a ⁴ | kʰ u ŋ ⁵¹ m j a ⁴ |
| NEST | SPIDER WEB | k u ŋ ¹ | k u ŋ ¹ k u ŋ ⁵¹ k aː ŋ ¹ |
| FEATHER | EYELASH | s ə n ¹ | s ə n ¹ n a ¹ |
| NEAR | APPROACH | pʰ j a i ⁵ | t j a ŋ ³ pʰ j a i ⁵ |
| BIG | STORM | l aː u ⁴ | f i n ¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| YOUNG | YOUNG WOMAN | n ɔː m ³ | a i ¹ n ɔː m ³ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | MARE | n i ⁴ | m j a ⁴ n i ⁴ |
| SHEEP | RAM | z o ² | z o ² t a ʔ ⁵³ |
| GOAT | MALE GOAT | z o ² | z o ² t a ʔ ⁵³ |
| GOAT | YOUNG GOAT (KID) | z o ² | l aː ʔ ⁵³ z o ² |
| BONE | RIB | ʔ d aː ʔ ⁵³ | ʔ d aː ʔ ⁵³ ʔ d a n ¹ |
| EYE | BLIND | n a ¹ | n a ¹ ʔ b uː t ⁵³ |
| EYE | EYELID | n a ¹ | p i ² n a ¹ |
| ROUND | CIRCLE | ʔ d o n ² | k a ⁰ ʔ d o n ² |
| TREE | CLUB | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ k u n ⁵ |
| TREE | BOARD | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ p aː n ⁵¹ |
| GRANDSON | GRANDDAUGHTER | l aː ʔ ⁵³ tʃʰ aː n ¹ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ tʃʰ aː n ¹ p i ə ʔ ⁵³ |
| FISH | FISH TRAP | m j a i ³ | p i n ⁵ m j a i ³ |
| SKIN | EYELID | p i ² | p i ² n a ¹ |
| HAIR (BODY) | EYELASH | s ə n ¹ | s ə n ¹ n a ¹ |
| BACK | NAPE (OF NECK) | l ə n ² | l ə n ² ʔ d ə n ⁴ |
| EYE | ANKLE | n a ¹ | n a ¹ t iː n ¹ |
| EYE | BLINK | n a ¹ | ʔ d j a p ⁵² n a ¹ |
| EYE | EYELASH | n a ¹ | s ə n ¹ n a ¹ |
| TONGUE | FLAME | m a ² | m a ² v i ¹ |
| NECK | NAPE (OF NECK) | ʔ d ə n ⁴ | l ə n ² ʔ d ə n ⁴ |
| NECK | NECKLACE | ʔ d ə n ⁴ | w u n ⁵ ʔ d ə n ⁴ |
| FOOT | ANKLE | t iː n ¹ | n a ¹ t iː n ¹ |
| MONEY | WAGES | pʰ j aː u ⁵ | pʰ j aː u ⁵ k ɔ ŋ ¹ |
| BEHIND | NAPE (OF NECK) | l ə n ² | l ə n ² ʔ d ə n ⁴ |
| FIRE | LIGHT (IGNITE) | v i ¹ | t j ə n ³ v i ¹ |
| WIFE | DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) | l j a ³ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ l j a ³ |
| WIFE | DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) | l j a ³ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ l j a ³ |
| MAKE | IMITATE | v ɛ ⁴ | n j e m ¹ v ɛ ⁴ |
| DO | IMITATE | v ɛ ⁴ | n j e m ¹ v ɛ ⁴ |
| BELOW OR UNDER | ARMPIT | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ s aː k ⁵² |
| BELOW OR UNDER | ARMPIT | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ z aː ʔ ⁵² |
| BELOW OR UNDER | ARMPIT | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ s aː k ⁵² |
| BELOW OR UNDER | ARMPIT | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ z aː ʔ ⁵² |
| YELLOW | YOLK | m aː n ³ | k a i ⁵ m aː n ³ |
| MAKE | CALL | v ɛ ⁴ | tʃ u ⁵ v ɛ ⁴ |
| MAKE | LIE (MISLEAD) | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ w i t ⁵² |
| DO | CALL | v ɛ ⁴ | tʃ u ⁵ v ɛ ⁴ |
| DO | LIE (MISLEAD) | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ w i t ⁵² |
| GO | COME BACK | p aː i ¹ | p aː i ¹ m a ¹ |
| GO | GO OUT | p aː i ¹ | u k ⁵² p aː i ¹ |
| WATER | TEAR (OF EYE) | n a m ³ | n a m ³ n a ¹ |
| FLOWING BODY OF WATER | SHORE | n i ¹ | f a ŋ ⁵ n i ¹ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | NEPHEW | n u ŋ ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | NEPHEW | n u ŋ ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | NEPHEW | v aː i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ v aː i ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | NEPHEW | v aː i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ v aː i ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | NIECE | n u ŋ ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | NIECE | n u ŋ ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| EYE | ENVY | n a ¹ | n a ¹ l aː n ³ |
| EYE | EYEBROW | n a ¹ | m o i ² n a ¹ |
| MANY | CROWD | tʃ o ŋ ² | p a ¹ a i ¹ tʃ o ŋ ² |
| WOOD | BANANA TREE | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ l aː ʔ ⁵³ tʃ o i ³ |
| HEAD | BALD | k o ³ | k o ³ m j a n ³ |
| MAKE | MARRY | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ w aː ŋ ³ |
| DO | MARRY | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ w aː ŋ ³ |
| BUILD | MARRY | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ w aː ŋ ³ |
| WALK | GO DOWN (DESCEND) | s aː m ³ | s aː m ³ kʰ a ³ p aː i ¹ |
| GO | CLIMB | p aː i ¹ | t j e u ⁵ ʔ j u ¹ p aː i ¹ |
| MONEY | PAY | pʰ j aː u ⁵ | ʔ n aː k ⁵² pʰ j aː u ⁵ |
| TREE | TREE STUMP | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ t ə n ² |
| THUNDER | BOLT (OF LIGHTNING) | v a ¹ | v a ¹ ʔ d aː p ⁵³ |
| GOAT | RAM | z o ² | z o ² t a ʔ ⁵³ |
| COME | BEGIN | t a ŋ ¹ | ʔ d a ² t a ŋ ¹ |
| HORSE | STALLION | m j a ⁴ | m j a ⁴ t a ʔ ⁵³ |
| WOOD | GRAPEVINE | m a i ⁴ | z a ⁵ m a i ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | NIECE | n u ŋ ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | NIECE | n u ŋ ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | NIECE | v aː i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ v aː i ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | NIECE | v aː i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ v aː i ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | NEPHEW | n u ŋ ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | NEPHEW | n u ŋ ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| TREE | CASSAVA | m a i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m a n ² m a i ⁴ |
| TREE | OAR | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ w aː t ⁵² z o n ² |
| RAIN (PRECIPITATION) | STORM | f i n ¹ | f i n ¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| FIRE | ARSON | v i ¹ | t aː u ¹ v i ¹ |
| FIRE | EXTINGUISH | v i ¹ | ʔ d a p ⁵² v i ¹ |
| MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) | PARENTS | n i ⁴ | t ɛ ² n i ⁴ |
| MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) | PARENTS | n i ⁴ | t ɛ ² n i ⁴ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | COW | n i ⁴ | p ɔ ⁴ n i ⁴ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | EWE | n i ⁴ | z o ² n i ⁴ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | HEN | n i ⁴ | k aː i ⁵ n i ⁴ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | HEN | j aː ŋ ⁵ | k aː i ⁵ j aː ŋ ⁵ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | PARENTS | n i ⁴ | t ɛ ² n i ⁴ |
| OX | COW | p ɔ ⁴ | p ɔ ⁴ n i ⁴ |
| SHEEP | EWE | z o ² | z o ² n i ⁴ |
| SHEEP | MALE GOAT | z o ² | z o ² t a ʔ ⁵³ |
| SHEEP | YOUNG GOAT (KID) | z o ² | l aː ʔ ⁵³ z o ² |
| GOAT | EWE | z o ² | z o ² n i ⁴ |
| HORSE | MARE | m j a ⁴ | m j a ⁴ n i ⁴ |
| STALLION | FOAL | m j a ⁴ t a ʔ ⁵³ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m j a ⁴ t a ʔ ⁵³ |
| DOG | WOLF | m a ¹ | m a ¹ ŋ aː ŋ ² |
| HEAD | DANDRUFF | k o ³ | p i ² k o ³ |
| HEAD | VEIL | k o ³ | ʔ d a t ⁵³ t u k ⁵² k o ³ |
| EYE | TEAR (OF EYE) | n a ¹ | n a m ³ n a ¹ |
| HEART | GRIEF | s a m ¹ | s iː ŋ ¹ s a m ¹ |
| SPIT | DRIBBLE | ŋ i ¹ | ŋ i ¹ l u i ¹ |
| DIE | DROWNED | t a i ¹ | p ə t ⁵² t a i ¹ |
| MEDICINE | PHYSICIAN | z a ² | a i ¹ z aː ŋ ⁵¹ z a ² |
| MEDICINE | POISON | z a ² | z a ² t u ⁴ |
| PLOUGH | FURROW | kʷ a i ¹ | tʃ aː i ¹ kʷ a i ¹ |
| MAKE | HOW | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ j a u ¹ |
| MAKE | TRADE OR BARTER | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ s a ŋ ¹ i ⁵ |
| DO | HOW | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ j a u ¹ |
| DO | TRADE OR BARTER | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ s a ŋ ¹ i ⁵ |
| IRON | FORGE | tʃʰ i t ⁵² | l j a n ⁵ tʃʰ i t ⁵² |
| TRADE OR BARTER | MERCHANT | v ɛ ⁴ s a ŋ ¹ i ⁵ | a i ¹ v ɛ ⁴ s a ŋ ¹ i ⁵ |
| BIG | LOUD | l aː u ⁴ | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| SOUND OR NOISE | RATTLE | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ kʷ ɛ ¹ |
| YES | NO | c i ŋ ⁵ | k a m ³ c i ŋ ⁵ |
| VOICE | LOUD | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| THRESH | THRESHING-FLOOR | s u ⁵¹ | t aː u ⁵ s u ⁵¹ |
| GREEN | VEGETABLES | j u ¹ | ʔ m a ¹ j u ¹ |
| GRAIN | WHEAT | h u ⁴ | h u ⁴ m i a n ⁴ |
| BEHIND | LAST (FINAL) | l ə n ² | c uː i ⁴ l ə n ² |
| HAND | THUMB | s iː m ³ | n i ⁴ s iː m ³ |
| WOOD | BARK | m a i ⁴ | p i ² m a i ⁴ |
| WOOD | BRANCH | m a i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m a i ⁴ |
| WOOD | CASSAVA | m a i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m a n ² m a i ⁴ |
| MALE (OF ANIMAL) | ROOSTER | s a i ³ | k aː i ⁵ s a i ³ |
| LAMB | EWE | z o ² | z o ² n i ⁴ |
| LAMB | RAM | z o ² | z o ² t a ʔ ⁵³ |
| LAMB | YOUNG GOAT (KID) | z o ² | l aː ʔ ⁵³ z o ² |
| MARE | FOAL | m j a ⁴ n i ⁴ | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m j a ⁴ n i ⁴ |
| CHICKEN | HEN | k aː i ⁵ | k aː i ⁵ j aː ŋ ⁵ |
| CHICKEN | HEN | k aː i ⁵ | k aː i ⁵ n i ⁴ |
| CHICKEN | ROOSTER | k aː i ⁵ | k aː i ⁵ s a i ³ |
| SKIN | DANDRUFF | p i ² | p i ² k o ³ |
| FOOT | HEEL | t iː n ¹ | l ə n ² t iː n ¹ |
| EAT | FOOD | n a ⁴ | n i ⁴ n a ⁴ |
| CLOTHES | COLLAR | k u ʔ ⁵² | ʔ d ə n ⁴ k u ʔ ⁵² |
| CLOTHES | NAKED | k u ʔ ⁵² | k a m ³ t a n ³ k u ʔ ⁵² |
| SWEET POTATO | CASSAVA | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m a n ² | l aː ʔ ⁵³ m a n ² m a i ⁴ |
| UNTIE | LET GO OR SET FREE | s ɔ ŋ ⁵ | s ɔ ŋ ⁵ l a ŋ ⁵¹ |
| LIMP | LAME | ʔ d ɛ ŋ ³ | p j a ¹ ʔ d ɛ ŋ ³ |
| GO | LET GO OR SET FREE | l a ŋ ⁵¹ | s ɔ ŋ ⁵ l a ŋ ⁵¹ |
| HAVE | RICH | m ɛ ² | m ɛ ² z j e n ² |
| GET | HEAR | ʔ d a i ⁴ | ʔ d a i ⁴ h a i ⁵ |
| LOOK FOR | FIND | ʔ ɲ i m ¹ | ʔ ɲ i m ¹ ʔ d a i ⁴ |
| BIG | BRAVE | l aː u ⁴ | ʔ d o ⁵¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| BIG | ROAD | l aː u ⁴ | kʰ u n ¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| SOUND OR NOISE | LOUD | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| SHOUT | SHRIEK | h iː t ⁵² | h iː t ⁵² h a n ⁵ |
| WATER | DITCH | n a m ³ | tʃ aː i ¹ n a m ³ |
| MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) | MATERNAL AUNT (MOTHER'S SISTER) | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ l aː ʔ ⁵³ kʷ i ² |
| CLOTHES | COAT | k u ʔ ⁵² | k u ʔ ⁵² n u k ⁵² |
| CART | WHEEL | cʰ a ¹ | l u n ⁵¹ cʰ a ¹ |
| HAVE | STRONG | m ɛ ² | m ɛ ² l ɨ k ⁵² |
| BIG | UPPER LEG (THIGH) | l aː u ⁴ | t ə n ³ p j a ¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| COLD | WINTER | j aː m ⁵ | n j e n ² j aː m ⁵ |
| UNDERSTAND | OBSCURE | w o ³ | h ɔ ³ w o ³ |
| KNOW (SOMETHING) | OBSCURE | w o ³ | h ɔ ³ w o ³ |
| DIFFICULT | OBSCURE | h ɔ ³ | h ɔ ³ w o ³ |
| BEHIND | DESCENDANTS | l ə n ² | k aː ŋ ¹ l ə n ² |
| BIRD | DOVE | n ɔ ʔ ⁵³ | n ɔ ʔ ⁵³ p j a u ² |
| EARLY | MORNING | s a m ¹ | j iː t ⁵² s a m ¹ |
| TREE | BAMBOO | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ ʔ d ɔ ʔ ⁵² |
| WOOD | BAMBOO | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ ʔ d ɔ ʔ ⁵² |
| WOOD | CLUB | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ k u n ⁵ |
| WOOD | TREE STUMP | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ t ə n ² |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | RELATIVES | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | RELATIVES | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | RELATIVES | v aː i ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | RELATIVES | v aː i ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | RELATIVES | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF MAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | OLDER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | RELATIVES | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF MAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| YOUNGER SISTER (OF WOMAN) | YOUNGER BROTHER (OF WOMAN) | n u ŋ ⁴ | v aː i ⁴ n u ŋ ⁴ |
| WORM | CENTIPEDE | t a ¹ | t a ¹ tʃʰ a p ⁵² |
| NECK | GOITER | ʔ d ə n ⁴ | ʔ d ə n ⁴ t ə ² |
| DRINK | BREAKFAST | n a ⁴ | n a ⁴ u ⁵ j i t ⁵² |
| MONTH | AUTUMN | n j e n ² | n j e n ² cʰ j u ¹ |
| MONTH | WINTER | n j e n ² | n j e n ² j aː m ⁵ |
| PRAISE | BOAST | j a n ⁵ | w i ² j a n ⁵ |
| EARTH (SOIL) | MUD | kʰ ə m ⁵ | kʰ ə m ⁵ ʔ m a ³ |
| FIRE | MATCH | v i ¹ | k o ŋ ¹ v i ¹ |
| FATHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) | PARENTS | t ɛ ² | t ɛ ² n i ⁴ |
| FATHER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) | PARENTS | t ɛ ² | t ɛ ² n i ⁴ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | THUMB | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ s iː m ³ |
| SHOVEL | SPADE | cʰ aː n ⁵ | tʰ i e ³ cʰ aː n ⁵ |
| LEAVE | FLEE | l a ŋ ⁵¹ | l j a ʔ ⁵² l a ŋ ⁵¹ |
| LOOK | UGLY | k a u ⁵ | ɲ aː m ¹ k a u ⁵ |
| SPEAK | TELL | tʃ aː ŋ ³ | tʃ aː ŋ ³ k u ³ z i ² |
| MOTHER | MARE | n i ⁴ | m j a ⁴ n i ⁴ |
| MOTHER | THUMB | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ s iː m ³ |
| BACK | LAST (FINAL) | l ə n ² | c uː i ⁴ l ə n ² |
| BACK | TURN AROUND | l ə n ² | c o n ⁵ p o ŋ ⁵ l ə n ² |
| FACE | FOREHEAD | n a ³ | n a ³ p j aː k ⁵² |
| SLEEP | SNORE | n uː n ² | n uː n ² cʰ uː n ¹ |
| GRAIN | MAIZE | h u ⁴ | h u ⁴ w aː ŋ ² |
| DOWN | ARMPIT | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ s aː k ⁵² |
| DOWN | ARMPIT | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ z aː ʔ ⁵² |
| COLD | COMMON COLD (DISEASE) | j aː m ⁵ | n ə n ² j aː m ⁵ |
| DEMON | GHOST | m aː ŋ ¹ | m aː ŋ ¹ s e n ¹ |
| FISH | BAIT | m j a i ³ | w a ³ t ɔ ³ m j a i ³ |
| DRINK | FOOD | n a ⁴ | n i ⁴ n a ⁴ |
| GET | FIND | ʔ d a i ⁴ | ʔ ɲ i m ¹ ʔ d a i ⁴ |
| VOICE | RATTLE | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ | ʔ ŋ ɔ ¹ kʷ ɛ ¹ |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | MATERNAL AUNT (MOTHER'S SISTER) | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ l aː ʔ ⁵³ kʷ i ² |
| FEMALE (OF ANIMAL) | MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ k ə ⁵¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| SKULL | BALD | k o ³ | k o ³ m j a n ³ |
| NEEDLE (FOR SEWING) | AWL | s ɨ m ¹ | s ɨ m ¹ ŋ u i ⁴ |
| PUT | LET GO OR SET FREE | s ɔ ŋ ⁵ | s ɔ ŋ ⁵ l a ŋ ⁵¹ |
| GO | FLEE | l a ŋ ⁵¹ | l j a ʔ ⁵² l a ŋ ⁵¹ |
| BUILD | IMITATE | v ɛ ⁴ | n j e m ¹ v ɛ ⁴ |
| BUILD | WORK (LABOUR) | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ k ɔ ŋ ¹ |
| MONTH | SPRINGTIME | n j e n ² | n j e n ² cʰ u n ² |
| MONTH | SUMMER | n j e n ² | n j e n ² t u n ¹ |
| MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) | MATERNAL AUNT (MOTHER'S SISTER) | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ l aː ʔ ⁵³ kʷ i ² |
| MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF MAN) | MOTHER-IN-LAW (OF WOMAN) | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ k ə ⁵¹ l aː u ⁴ |
| EAT | BREAKFAST | n a ⁴ | n a ⁴ u ⁵ j i t ⁵² |
| WOOD | BOARD | m a i ⁴ | m a i ⁴ p aː n ⁵¹ |
| BESIDE | NEIGHBOUR | j e n ¹ | j aː n ¹ j e n ¹ |
| FAN (ACTION) | FAN (OBJECT) | s i e n ⁵ | p aː k ⁵² s i e n ⁵ |
| DOWN | BOTTOM | kʰ a ³ | kʰ a ³ t e ³ |
| BOAT | OAR | z o n ² | m a i ⁴ w aː t ⁵² z o n ² |
| MOTHER | WHAT | n i ⁴ | n i ⁴ n a m ² |
| MOSQUITO | FLY (INSECT) | ɲ u ŋ ⁴ | ɲ u ŋ ⁴ v i n ³ |
| COME | ATTACK | t a ŋ ¹ | n a ŋ ¹ t a ŋ ¹ |
| TRY | TASTE (SOMETHING) | aː u ⁵ | w i ⁵ t aː u ⁵ |
| LATE | TURN AROUND | l ə n ² | c o n ⁵ p o ŋ ⁵ l ə n ² |
| SHIP | OAR | z o n ² | m a i ⁴ w aː t ⁵² z o n ² |
| MONTH | MOON | n j e n ² | n i ⁴ n j e n ² |
| TIE | KNOT | z u ʔ ⁵³ | t aː u ² z u ʔ ⁵³ |
| FLOWER | SACRIFICE | w a ¹ | t ɔ ŋ ¹ s a i ¹ j u ³ l j ɛ ŋ ⁵ w a ¹ |
| BACK | HEEL | l ə n ² | l ə n ² t iː n ¹ |
| BEHIND | HEEL | l ə n ² | l ə n ² t iː n ¹ |
| GOOD | RICH | ʔ d aː i ² | ʔ d aː i ² ŋ aː u ⁵¹ |
| DOG | LION | m a ¹ | m a ¹ ɲ ɔː ŋ ² |
| INSECT | CENTIPEDE | t a ¹ | t a ¹ tʃʰ a p ⁵² |
| EAT | MIDDAY | n a ⁴ | n a ⁴ ɲ e ¹ |
| PESTLE | MORTAR | t u i ⁵ | t u i ⁵ s ɔː ʔ ⁵² |
| SOUP | SPOON | z o ⁵ | pʰ j aː u ⁵¹ z o ⁵ |
| BUILD | LIE (MISLEAD) | v ɛ ⁴ | v ɛ ⁴ w i t ⁵² |
| RISE (MOVE UPWARDS) | GO OUT | u k ⁵² | u k ⁵² p aː i ¹ |
| HOLD | EMBRACE | uː m ³ | t u ³ ŋ uː m ³ |
| PUT | BREATH | s ɔ ŋ ⁵ | s ɔ ŋ ⁵ kʰ i ⁵ |
| STEAL | FLEE | l j a ʔ ⁵² | l j a ʔ ⁵² l a ŋ ⁵¹ |